Many home inspectors are used to hearing something similar to: "That's not a necessary item on the report, this house was built in 1947, and XXX was not required then."
We as home inspectors for the most part will not cite code and for the most part things that look like they are "code related" defects are indeed "safety defects." There are many items in a home or are not in a home built 50 years ago that are not in agreement with current codes, and many of these are never mentioned in a home inspection report, but there are some that are routinely called out to sometimes the disagreement of an agent or agents involved in the deal.
Today we will look at GFCI's.
What are they:
GFCI's mechanically function in the same way a breaker does. Input A causes the mechanical switch to change locations and open the circuit, thereby cutting off the flow of electrons through the circuit or in simple terms it kills the juice. The difference lies in the input type of the devices. Breakers use either a thermal or magnetic input to trigger the open current situation. GFCI's utilize a small circuit board to analyze the amount of current out compared to the amount of current coming back in. GFCI's will trip or open the circuit when this comparison is unbalanced or in other words if current is leaking to ground and not coming back to the circuit board analyzer the GFCI trips. This happens in the blink of an eye. The small amount of current required to trip a GFCI in many case may not be enough to trip a breaker. This ability to detect small current changes is what makes a GFCI a recommended addition to areas where shock likelihood is higher such as wet areas.
Why are they included in a home inspection report:
According to the CPSC if every household installed GFCI's, electrocution rates in households would drop by half.
http://pregnancy.parenthood.com/articles.html?article_id=1598
This is one of those areas in which we need to strive for perfection.
So, no they may not have been called for in the original construction of homes and the local code inspector is not going to come by the house and insist on their installation but let's start looking at this defect as a valid one for inclusion on home inspection reports, even if it only ranks under Recommended Safety Upgrades.
We don't want our clients or yours ending up with scenarios similar to these:
http://www.wkyc.com/news/news_article.aspx?storyid=78718
http://www.winonadailynews.com/articles/2007/12/01/wi/00wis01.txt
http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SL&p_theme=sl&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB0505EDFA351BB&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM
If you have a problem item that you keep seeing on reports that you would like addressed, please send me an email or leave it in the comments and I will try to get to them as they come in.