$$$ CASH BACK AT CLOSING $$$

Cash Back at Closing: Appealing Arrangement or Sinister Scam
by Ralph R. Roberts

Cash back deals are stitched into the very fabric of the U.S. economy. Manufacturers promote their products with cash rebates. Credit card companies offer cash-back on purchases. Even banks dangle cash-back deals to attract new customers. Now, home buyers and con artists are jumping on the cash-back bandwagon, and plenty of our own people -- real estate professionals -- are tripping over themselves to cater to them.

On its surface, cash back at closing seems like a win-win situation. The buyer simply pays a little more for a property than it's worth, and the seller agrees to kick back the surplus cash to the buyer.

For buyers, it can be a savvy financial move, allowing them to pay off outstanding credit card debt or use the extra cash for home repairs and renovations. The seller unloads his house at close to or better than his asking price. The real estate agent gets a bigger commission. The loan officer chalks up another successful loan. And the lender scores a larger loan and stands to earn more interest over the life of the loan. If anything seemed like a win-win situation, cash back at closing is it!

Unfortunately, as with most deals that seem too good to be true, cash back at closing schemes are just another way of scamming someone -- in this case, the lender, who's fooled into making a risky loan.

But lenders aren't the only losers. Buyers are often tricked into buying more house than they can afford. Housing values in the area are artificially inflated, making housing less affordable and raising property taxes. Honest real estate agents lose business to dishonest agents who offer cash back deals. And neighborhoods begin to buckle when homeowners default on the inflated loans and their properties end up in foreclosure. Perhaps that's why cash back at closing schemes are illegal.

Illegal?! Yep.

When I tell colleagues that cash back at closing schemes are illegal, a surprising number of them are incredulous. Agents frequently approach me and describe cash back deals that they were convinced were legitimate.

I was recently talking with a top selling agent in Florida who listed a house for $600,000. A broker who wasn't from the area had a buyer interested in purchasing the property. Although the broker and buyer had never seen the property, they submitted an offer of $695,000 -- $95,000 more than the asking price! The only hitch was that the buyer wanted the seller to kick back the extra $95,000 to the buyer at closing. The seller just wanted to sell the house, so he had no problem with it. When the agent asked what I thought, I immediately recognized the scam and informed her that the deal was illegal. She explained that the seller really needed to sell the house and that the seller's attorney had informed the seller that nothing was wrong with such a transaction. Unfortunately, the lawyer was under-informed.

The law that governs these transactions is referenced on the 1003, Uniform Residential Loan Application, that every buyer signs when he applies for a loan--Title 18, United States Code, Section 1001. It's part of the small print that lawyers always tell you to read closely before signing anything. To paraphrase Title 18, section 1001, you can't lie on a loan application or any other document related to the transaction. When a buyer, appraiser, agent, loan officer, or another party provides a false statement of the property's value on the 1003 or any other document, they're lying. They're breaking the law.

As real estate professionals, our job is to know the law, act in accordance with it, and abort any deals designed to dupe anyone involved in the transaction. That means we have to shut down cash back at closing scams before they close. The warning signs are readily evident:

     

  • The buyer places an offer on the property that's significantly more than the asking price on the condition that the seller kicks back all or some of the extra money.

     

  • The appraisal is obviously inflated.

     

  • Neither the buyer nor the buyer's agent has ever seen the property.

     

  • The buyer wants to use a different title company than the one that the seller's agent has chosen.

     

  • The buyer or buyer's agent claims that the extra money will be used for home repairs or renovations or paid to a contracting company to handle the repairs or renovations.

The logistics of cash back at closing scams vary, so the warning signs tend to morph over time, but the underlying law that's being broken remains the same. According to real estate lawyer, Rachel Dollar, "Whether it be through seller kickbacks, inflated purchase prices or 'repair' costs, the common thread in these deals is that the lender is not informed of the true nature of the transaction."

Whenever the lender is not informed, in writing, of the true nature of the transaction, the transaction is illegal. And if you go along with the scheme, you become an accomplice, subject to prosecution. So, what should you do when you smell something fishy?

Put a stop to it! Inform all parties that cash back at closing schemes are illegal, and then call the lender immediately. The lender's phone number is on the closing papers, and, believe me, they'll be eager to hear of any pending deals that call for them to loan more money than a property is worth.

 

Ralph R. Roberts  GRI CRS
aka Ralph Rowland Roberts
Macomb County Real Estate Broker
REALTOR Member NAR
Metro Detroit Real Estate Broker
Macomb County Michigan Real Estate
Macomb County MI. Author
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13 Comments on $$$ CASH BACK AT CLOSING $$$

"I will rebate half of my commission back to you at closing...... because, otherwise, I couldn't get a listing if it saved my life"

*source unknown, hiding under a paper bag*

05/31/2007 10:20 PM by Tom Burris | Texas Home Loan Expert (DallasLoanGuy.com)


I'm glad I haven't come across this scheme yet.  I've seen the end results but not the ongoing deal.

05/31/2007 10:30 PM by Tim Maitski ~ The Atlanta Agent With Nuts (RE/MAX Greater Atlanta)


The Cash back that I see you talking about being illegal is one that the seller gives money to the buyer at closing.  This is illegal from everything I see and in IL they are cracking down on this.

 The Rebate a Realtor gives to the buyer is not illegal if done correctly.  It is not based on any loan and must go through the Broker.  So it is not given to the buyer at the closing table, but afterwards.

I hope the illegal cash back will stop.

05/31/2007 10:35 PM by Dave Cheatham (Indigo)


I get asked by buyers if they can get cash back at closing a few times a year.  They are just shocked at how illegal it really is.

05/31/2007 11:13 PM by Rosemont Financial Inc


I amazed that even the attorney did not know this.  In Hawaii it is also a state licensing law violation to be party to the naming of a false consideration, unless it is obvious like stating $1 plus a monetary amount.

06/01/2007 09:41 AM by Randy L. Prothero - Hawaii REALTOR® (Century 21 Liberty Homes)


Dave Cheatham,

Thank You for the clarification. Many disingenuous agents are trying to blend illegal cash back schemes and broker rebates together to suit their agenda. Broker rebates are a form of price competition among agents and is protected by the Sherman Antitrust Act.

Per the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice:

"Rebate" means a payment of monies or anything of value by, or on behalf of, a Licensee to a client or customer (or to a third party authorized by the client or customer to receive the payment) that is in connection with the provision of Real Estate Brokerage Services. Examples of Rebates directed to third parties include, but are not limited to, payments to charities, home inspectors, and moving services. A Rebate does not include compensation paid for Real Estate Brokerage Services to any third party who is not licensed in Kentucky to perform such services; this Amended Final Judgment does not authorize a client or customer to permit or direct such payments to an unlicensed third party for performing such services.

06/02/2007 02:24 PM by Ralph Hicky


Now, this might be of concern: http://activerain.com/blogsview/86421/Builder-s-Closeout

 

06/03/2007 02:41 PM by Ralph Hicky


Great Article in Raltor Magazine about a Mortgage Broker going to jail for this and losing everything, due to the FBI freezing her assets

06/03/2007 02:45 PM by Sandra Mannaravalappil,Realtor/Broker ABR (Wilkinson & Associates Real Estate)


I have first hand experience with this sort of fraud. Last year I had to back down from receiving a nice paycheck that I more than earned because my buyer just days before closing decided to do a cash back scheme with the seller.

My broker brought the cash back scheme to the attention of the seller's Realtor (Realtor was related to the seller)and the title company (the seller's title company). The loan officer doing the loan would not return our calls (she was dating buyer). Get the picture? Oh did I forget to mention, the seller of the home was a mortgage broker as well and knew better! What they decided to do was change the original purchase price 45,000 more because the appraisal came in higher and the seller would give the buyer the 45,000 after closing. To my surprise, the title company and the seller's Realtor decided to go along with the transaction because they said it was just "hear say."

Everyone went along with the transaction and got paid except for me :( I know I did the right thing but it is still a hard pill to swallow when all parties involved decided to look the other way with no regard to me as the buyer's Realtor or the lender being defrauded.

 

 

01/02/2008 09:24 PM by Nilsa Montalvo, ABR (Keller Williams Realty )


What about if the money does not come directly from the Seller but via an OPTION Holder?  Case: My friend wanted to buy a house that was advertised as being reduced $100k (list price is $900k).  The Seller was a builder in trouble, needed to sell quick & had a year old appraisal for approx. $995k.  The buyers were approached by their mortgage broker to let him offer the builder an Option on the house for $850k.  If the builder were to accept, this guy wanted their Buyer's Agent to write an offer for them to purchase for $1M.  He was sure he could get it to appraise.  Simple math:  Difference between the Option price & final sales price = $150k.  The Optionholder's "payoff" is disclosed on the HUD1 & closed at a Title Company of his choice.  However, AFTER the closing...he was going to give $125k back to the my friends (buyers) - keeping $25k for doing the option.  He contended that since he was NOT the Seller, this was completely legal.  Is it?  Note:  if they decided to do this, he was going to have his girlfriend write the loan so that he wouldn't be on the financing end, on paper anyway.  They really wanted the money to pay off some debt, buy some new furnishings for the new house, and put some in savings.  They ultimately decided not to do it and bought the home for $850k.  Did they avoid a possible BIG no no?  What if all the agents knew they were getting money back?  Could they have gotten in trouble too?  Thanks!

01/18/2008 02:49 AM by Annonymous


Nilsa - It is better to sleep well.  This could still come back on them.  You did the right thing.

03/13/2008 10:52 PM by Virginia Hepp - Mesquite NV Real Estate (Mesquite GMAC Real Estate)


Those are two scary stories.  I wouldn't be involved with either of them.

03/14/2008 01:23 AM by Randy L. Prothero - Hawaii REALTOR® (Century 21 Liberty Homes)


It is NOT illegal to receive money from the seller if the property appraises out.  Raising the price or not.  The seller can do whatever they want with their equity - give it to the poor, buy a Harley, buy a freaking pony if they want.  The bank CAN NOT dictate what the seller does with their equity, period.  By the way, it's not the bank that gives cash back on a car purchase genius, it's the car dealer.  The SELLER is giving cash back.

Realtors refunding part of their commission is not the same thing as a seller doing so huh?  Think that the commission for the sale just might possibly be built into the price of the house?  Of course it is numskulls.  If you refund part or all of your commission the bank CAN NOT control what you want to do with the money.  Ever heard of Redfin and others....look it up.  It's the SELLERS refunding the money.

Options are given all of the time and, when not exercised, cash can be given back to the purchaser.  This is (was I should say) very prevelant in condo speculators being given an Option on purchasing another unit of their choice because the frenzy of first-to-purchase buyers was out of control in 04 through late 06.  But, there is a premium for an Option.  You choose not to exercise your Option, you get your money back.  Ever invest in the stock market geniuses?  Do you know what an Option is?   

If any bank tells you that they have a say in who you choose to give your money to.  Their full of shit.  Move on to the next bank who would love your business.

 

 

 

 

05/01/2008 06:31 PM by RealProp


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Real Estate - Other: RALPH ROBERTS (RALPH ROBERTS REAL ESTATE MACOMB COUNTY)
RALPH ROBERTS
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