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Water Instrusion Problems in Chicago Condos

By
Home Inspector with Decker Home Services, LLC IL Lic # 450.002240

We have been seeing more and more problems with newer condominium buildings in the Chicago area.  I have inspected many of these buildings, working for the condominium associations, and have documented the causes.  I am, currently, involved in litigation against the builders and in 3 cases, the buildings were so bad that they had to be torn down (mold, rotted floor trusses, etc).

Efflorescence on condo

The increased efflorescence seen on this building is caused by the large amounts of water that is in the masonry.  When that water comes out, it disolves mineral salts in the brick and mortar and when the water evaporates, the salts are left on the surface of the brick.  All the white areas seen on the photo are indications of water in the walls.  The recent building boom brought in a large number of inexperienced builderw, who, in turn, hire non-professional subcontractors.  These are the results.

The most common path for water intrusion is through the stone caps on the top of the parapet walls.  These stones must be flashed (installed with a water impermiable membrane) or water will enter the wall below.  Most times, this is not done.

Parapet wall flashing

The results are water damage and mold growth between the interior masonry wall and the drywall.

Wooden framed, brick veneer houses are also affected.  In the photo below we see another common builder mistake.

Efflorescence on brick veneer house

Note the efflorescence around the sides of the sliding glass door and the window.  Above these openings are the metal lintels that support the overlying stone.  This lintel area should be flashed with a water shedding membrane.  Additionallty, the space between the stone and the lintel must be left open so that the water can drain properly.  In this case, the lintel space was caulked shut.  The water from the flashing areas has built up and has overflowed the ends of the flashing, so that the water is draining down the sides.  There was substantial water damage above and around the door and window on the interior.

If you are selling condos or houses in the Chicagoland area, make sure that your client hires a professional home inspector who also does thermal imaging.  You don't want to have your clients find out that they have bought a waterlogged mess.

Hope this helps;

Jim Little
Ken Meade Realty - Sun City, AZ
Your Sun City Arizona Realtor

I appreciate when a home inspector gives a detailed posting of technical issues. The knowledge gained invaluable in helping me help my clients.

Jul 12, 2009 08:04 AM
William Decker
Decker Home Services, LLC - Highland Park, IL

This is, not so much, a problem in Arizona, for obvious reasons  ;^#]

Another big reason is the use of split faced block in the construction.  Not a good material for building, in this area.

Chicago has a weird little micro-climate, hot and humid summers, mild and humid winters and, usually, cold and dry winters.  The last two winters (2005-2006 and 2006-2007) were pretty warm and wet, by our standards.  Since most masonry drying takes place in the winter (when the dry air sucks the moisture out of the masonry) we now have some pretty big problems.  Add to that the reacord rainfall of summer, 2008.

Different areas required different construction techniques and materials.  A good, professional home inspector would know all about this and inspect accordingly.

 

Hope this helps;

Jul 12, 2009 08:17 AM
Charles Buell
Charles Buell Inspections Inc. - Seattle, WA
Seattle Home Inspector

William what a great picture of efflorescence.  While preventing that from happening is not "rocket science" it does take knowing what you are doing----but then again putting men on the moon requires knowing what you are doing too:)

Jul 12, 2009 11:21 AM
James Quarello
JRV Home Inspection Services, LLC - Wallingford, CT
Connecticut Home Inspector

I have said it time and again, when you do not have required training for contractors what do expect. I expect what you have shown, bad construction.

Jul 13, 2009 12:47 AM
William Decker
Decker Home Services, LLC - Highland Park, IL

Charles.  Send me an e-mail (wjd@deckerhomeservices.com) and I will send you a copy of the abstract.

Hope this helps;

Jul 13, 2009 12:47 AM
William Decker
Decker Home Services, LLC - Highland Park, IL

James;

In Illinois, the only trades that are state licensed, with testing and requirements, are Plumbers and Roofers.  Yet, there are plenty of un-licensed people doing this work.  The reason?  Because people hire them.

GCs are not state licensed and only one municipality has any kond of testing or qualification requirements.

The problem seems to be a number of foriegn GCs, who tried to make a killing during the boom, and who hired other, non-professional subs.  I am not trying to be racist or slam any particular ethnicity here, just being descriptive.  The way things are done in other countries, with their own standards, materials and weather conditions, do not always work in every case and in every locality.

Likewise, there are national standards and accepted construction details in the U.S., which Architects, often, just cut and paste into their plans, that micgh not work so well in every area.  Add to this that the builders, many times, change the details from what the Architect has called for, based upon costs.  Single wythe walls are cheaper than double wythe and split block is cheaper than brick.

I am calling, now, for these condo walls to be detailed with spray foam insulation instead of the usual fiberglass.  In that way, there is a vapor / air / water barrier directly on the interior of the masonry wall which helps to keep moisture out of the masonry / drywall cavity, and helps keep the mold down.

Another problem is that the number of municipal code inspectors is way down, part of the City cutting back on expenses.  Even when there are enough codies, as you know, they only inspect to the bare minimum, with little attention given to the quality of the work or its long term impact.

Hope this helps;

Jul 13, 2009 01:05 AM
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Feb 09, 2010 06:02 PM
#7
Anonymous
Dan

Good post William - thanks. I see a lot of this in crawl spaces too.

Dan - water damage

Jul 05, 2010 12:38 PM
#8
Anonymous
Will Decker

Just finished a new article related to this subject.  I, and many other HIs in this area are concerned that we may see some actual "pancake" type collapses, due to structural failures.  The wooden trusses are rotting.

See here:  http://deckerhomeservices.com/Split_faced_block.htm

I am not, in any way, promoting or wanting this to happen, but I predict that these buildings will be the new "collapsed porches" in this area.

Hope this helps;

 

Jul 05, 2010 01:33 PM
#9