Here's how the most common foreclosure-prevention scams work:

The desperate home owner gets a letter that says something like, "We know you're having a hard time. We have a pipeline to your lender and can help you save your home. Call this toll-free number now."

Home owners call the number and agree to pay $1,200 to $1,500 upfront for help with their mortgage. Nothing happens. Their home still goes into foreclosure.

Harold Kirtz, a lawyer for the Federal Trade Commission who is prosecuting these scammers, says victims are often well educated and financially savvy, but they also are "in a very vulnerable state."

Here are some red flags that should make a home owner run in the opposite direction:

1. If the company guarantees success. Nobody can guarantee a lender won't foreclose or will modify a loan.
2. If the company wants money upfront. "We can't say all advance fees are illegal," Kirtz says, "But in most cases they're probably bogus."
3. If the company wants the home owner to send mortgage checks directly to the modification firm. The only certainty there is that the company will cash the checks.

Source: Washington Post Writers Group, Kenneth R. Harney (09/13/2009)