Photos at https://www.pinterest.com/realtyproadvisr/ceilings/
By Regina Brown
Look up! What do you see on the ceiling? Acoustic (popcorn ceilings) or flat drywall are most common. But let’s learn about other types of ceilings you may see while listing a property for sale — or showing homes to prospective buyers.
A ceiling is the interior surface of a roof, with insulation sandwiched in between the two. Its purpose is to protect the residents from the elements (rain, sun, wind, and snow) while adding an architectural element to the interior.
Ceiling heights vary, but a typical height is 8 feet. Dropped ceilings, especially in kitchens, may have a height less than 8 feet. Houses built before standardized building codes and tract homes, add-on rooms, and attics often have lower ceilings.
Upscale homes usually feature raised ceilings or soaring ceiling heights of 12 feet or higher. Taller ceilings are desirable because they convey a spacious, open feeling. However, they are more difficult to manage (clean, paint, and change light bulbs) and cost more energy for heating/cooling.
Acoustic “Popcorn” CeilingWhat’s the first thing new buyers do when they move into a house built in the 1960’s or 70’s? Scrape off that outdated popcorn ceiling! A staple of early tract houses, these ceilings were the victims of mass spray-on texturing. But be careful with removal, because popcorn ceilings may contain asbestos. Popular then, but now officially out of style, they are sometimes referred to as “orange peel” ceilings.
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Arched Ceiling
Curves upwards steeply to create a coved arch look. The rising ceiling conveys a formal elegance and luxury. An arched ceiling may have multiple arches repeating throughout a hallway. They are often placed in conjunction with arched doorways and windows to echo the steep arched style.
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Attic Ceiling
Lower along the roofline, an attic ceiling may not meet the building code requirements for a room that can be occupied as a bedroom. Common in areas such as the East Coast, Mid-West, and South, attic ceilings are usually found in tall houses with semi-usable attics. Many rooms are converted from attic space to semi-living areas, which means tall people may bump their heads because the side ceilings are so low.
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Barrel Vault CeilingThe ceiling curves upward, gently rounding into a semi-circle or a partial dome shape. Commonly seen in formal rooms of mansions or great rooms, the ceiling may be highlighted with a curved wooden beam. It’s called a barrel vault because the shape resembles the inside of a partial barrel. A variation of the vaulted ceiling, it is also known as a wagon vault or tunnel vault.
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Box Beam CeilingWooden cross beams in a rectangular pattern are visible on the ceiling. The beams resemble a decorative tic-tac-toe grid. They can be painted, but are most often stained to highlight the wood’s natural grain. The recessed ceiling space in between the beams may be crafted of wood, drywall, tiles, or lighting. Box beam ceilings are most effective in a room with tall ceiling height. They are a type of coffered ceiling.
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Cathedral CeilingNamed after churches, or cathedrals, these ceilings are symmetrical (the same on both sides) and slope at a steep pitch. Both sides meet at a top ridge. Cathedral ceilings are treasured for their dramatic effect. The ceiling emulates the roof’s pitch, structure, and style. The beams are usually visible; the ceiling often IS the roof. In other words, there is no additional layer of insulation between the roof and the ceiling. Often confused with a vaulted ceiling.
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Coffered CeilingWooden beam in a unique design. Similar to a box beam ceiling, except the beams are can be arranged in any type of geometric pattern. The recessed panels between beams may be decorative. A formal, elegant look for an upscale home, the coffers (wooden beams) may be crafted from other wood-looking materials. Molding trim, medallions, and ornaments may be applied to heighten the theatrical aspect.
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Combination CeilingA ceiling constructed with two or more different styles. For example, a vaulted ceiling may have one side comprised of wooden panels, and the other side drywall.
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Cove Ceiling
The sides of the ceiling (where it meets the wall) are finished with a curved plaster molding. The molding is much wider than a simple wooden strip of trim. A coved ceiling adds character and charm. The coving and the ceiling are often painted contrasting colors to create a feeling of depth.
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Cross-Vaulted CeilingA type of vaulted ceiling wherein the cross-beams intersect each other at an angle. It produces a stunning 3-dimensional effect. The arches may either be round or pointed. Also know as groin vaults.
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Domed CeilingA round, circle-shaped ceiling that rises in the middle, like an upside-down bowl. It may simulate an antique church or other historic building. To create a heavenly feeling, the dome may have (or appear to have) a glass skylight (called an “oculus”) or stained glass. This ceiling style is an astounding breath-taking feature that captures attention.
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Flat CeilingA level ceiling with no pitch. This is the typical type of ceiling for most homes, especially tract houses. The ceiling is often finished with drywall, and covered with paint or texture. Because of the distance between the roof and the ceiling, there is plenty of attic space to insulate the home. Flat ceilings may also be made of plaster (common in older houses) or other materials.
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Floating/Drop-Down CeilingA single piece of ceiling hangs down below the rest of the flat ceiling. The “floating” piece is hung from the flat ceiling with wires. The floating piece may contain lighting, both direct lighting and uplighting, for a 2-part effect. This modern design, borrowed from commercial buildings, is also known as a drop-down ceiling. Note, however, that it is not the same as a suspended/dropped grid ceiling.
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Drywall CeilingThe most common type of ceiling in a house. It is comprised of drywall/sheetrock panels that are nailed onto the ceiling trusses and beams. The seams are taped and sanded before finishing with paint. The flat, white ceilings are then painted or textured. Other finishes, such as wallpaper or stencils, may be applied.
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Open / Exposed Beam CeilingAs the name implies, the wooden roof trusses and beams are visible (exposed) and become part of the ceiling. The soaring ceiling with natural lumber imparts a rustic style to cabins and vacation retreat homes. However, since the attic is missing, there is no roof insulation. Also, it takes more to heat a larger space, so energy bills may be higher. Compare to a cathedral ceiling or a vaulted ceiling.
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Glass Tile Ceiling
Glass tiles, often colored or bearing a leaded glass pattern, are hung in between box beams. They are lit from above so they bring a sense of light and warmth into a room. Either contemporary or antique styled, glass tiled ceilings are often incorporated into other ceiling types. Although rare in residential homes, they are becoming more popular as an eclectic style.
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Metal Tiles / Tin CeilingSquare metal tiles are glued or nailed to the ceiling to create a stunning old-fashioned effect. The traditional tin tiles are crafted from tin-plated steel. They are primed and painted on both sides to avert metal corrosion. Plastic faux-metal tiles, and other types of metals, can be used to create the “tin” look.
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Painted Mosaic
A mosaic design-inspired artwork painted across the breadth of the ceiling. It could be a single picture, a repeating design, or a custom art collection. A hand-painted ceiling is a fresh alternative to wallpaper.
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Retractable Sunroof
A bedroom sunroof sheds light during the day and closes at night; but it retracts for viewing the moon at stars at night. A star-gazing sunroof allows the residents to relax and view the starry night sky from their warm cozy bed. A retractable sunroof in a bedroom is truly a unique home feature.
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Suspended Ceiling
A metal grid is hung below the ceiling, with panels setting in between each grid. This is a non-structural (secondary) ceiling. Popular in commercial and industrial buildings because it conceals pipes and wires, it could spell trouble when seen in a residential home. A suspended ceiling may have been used to hide roof leaks or other ceiling problems. In some cases, it hides the beautiful original ceiling. One bonus is that a suspended may add a sound barrier. Also known as a dropped ceiling, some panels may be clear and have lights above them. NOT the same as a drop-down / floating ceiling (above).
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Textured / Plaster Ceiling
A flat drywall or plaster ceiling may be enriched by applying texture. Texture is a filling applied in a pattern that adds dimension or a raised surface. The filling is applied with a trowel, roller, or hand-dabbed to achieve an effect such as an arch, shell, or dabble. The textured ceiling may be hiding previous water leaks, or may have been added simply for the charm and character it imparts.
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Textured Panels
Manufactured homes, such as mobile homes or pre-fabricated kit houses, often have long, wide textured panels that span the length of each room. Each panel is uniform and consist due to manufacturing standards. With manufactured homes, they are inserted at the factory. They are often made from lightweight materials and may not provide much insulation. Usually, they are not painted. Another type of textured panel is a square-looking tile.
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Tray Ceiling
The center area of a ceiling that is recessed. Variations may include recessed lights and molding. By adding another dimension, it creates architectural character. Tray ceilings are usually found in common living areas such as formal dining rooms. An inverted tray ceiling is just the opposite: The center area hangs lower than the sides. This is an effective way to highlight something on the ceiling, such as a pot rack over the kitchen island. A tray ceiling is similar to a cove ceiling.
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Double Tray Ceiling
A variation of the tray ceiling, it is 2 steps of “trays” that creates 3 levels of ceiling height. It often pinpoints a beautiful light fixture or other artwork. A double tray ceiling can add texture with multiple layers of molding, and can be enhanced with colors and trim. Think of a framed picture with 2 layers of matting.
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Vaulted Ceiling
High pitched ceilings that peak at the top. They are usually framed using scissor trusses. The beams and trusses may be covered with drywall and a layer of insulation between the roof and the ceiling. The sides aren’t always symmetrical. Vaulted ceilings make any room feel more spacious. They are very conducive large skylight installation. However, without adequate ventilation, vaulted ceilings can waste substantial energy due to heat rising to the ceiling. Also known as a raised ceiling and sometimes confused with a cathedral ceiling.
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Virtual Window Ceiling
It’s a screened panel with an outdoor picture that gives the illusion of the open sky. Sky Factory, a leading virtual window company, offers jaw-dropping products such as their proprietary SkyCeilings. Commonly seen in rectangular shapes, the panels can also be made in circular and custom-sized panels. Panels may be backlit with LED or fluorescent lights to produce a realistic looking sky.
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WallpaperApplied from rolls of wallpaper, a ceiling may be decorated with a variety of colorful patterns. Especially dramatic with tray ceilings and barrel ceilings when the wallpaper echos the walls. Difficult to apply and remove, wallpaper can create an upscale look when used sparingly.
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Window Ceiling
Clear glass windows create both a roof and a ceiling. Often seen in sunrooms or conservatories, they bring precious daylight into a semi-outdoor room. However, at night, they are dark. These clear glass panels, specially designed to be thick enough to preserve the structural integrity of a roof, can be also used as walls to create a room surrounded by nature.
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Wood Ceiling
Made of wood, ceilings can reflect a variety of designs. Wood ceilings can be made from planks, beadboard, or tongue-in-groove carpentry. Solid wood is a heavy material so the house must be engineered to holds its weight. Natural wood can be painted or stained. If the wood is treated, it will last for many decades. Beadboard panels are sometimes seen in attics (on the low sidewall ceilings).
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Conclusion
Now that you can identify ceiling types, you can walk your buyers through properties with confidence. And when taking that elusive luxury listing, you can boast about your home’s stunning ceiling features. Who knows ceilings better than you, the local real estate expert!
Article is also published in The San Diego Realtor® magazine, pages 20-21.
Read more in our "Learn the Lingo" series:
1) Backyard & Outdoor Structures: Learn the Lingo
2) View From the Windows: Learn the Lingo
3) Architectural Styles: Learn the Lingo - Part 1
4) Architectural Styles: Learn the Lingo - Part 2
5) Learn the Lingo: Luxury Bathrooms
6) Learn the Lingo: Fences & Gates
7) Learn the Lingo: Vintage Features of Historic Homes
8) The Kitchen: The Heart of the Home Can Be Gourmet
9) The Gourmet Kitchen: Everything and the Kitchen Sink
10) Open the Door of Possibilities (Exterior Doors)
11) The Difference a Good Door Makes (Interior Doors)
12) Tiles
13) Sustainable and Eco-Conscious Home Features (Part 1)
14) Sustainable and Eco-Conscious Home Features (Part 2)
15) Sustainable and Eco-Conscious Home Features (Part 3)
16) Roof Architecture – Don’t Let it Go ‘Over Your Head’
17) Let There Be Light Fixtures ... And There Are Many!
18) A Discussion of Ceilings Will Have You Looking Up
19) Fireplaces: Literally the Hearth of the Home
20) Learn the Lingo of Walls
21) Apply Your Knowledge to Major Appliances
22) Don't Be Floored By this Topic: It's Right Under Your Feet
23) HVAC / Mechanical Lingo
24) Rural Properties - A Sustainable Life "Off the Grid"
25) Land Usage, and Showing & Selling Rural Properties
26) The Dramatic Effect of Stairs and Staircases - A Flight of Fancy?
27) Electrical Components - Get Wired for Understanding
28) Learn the Lingo: Plumbing Fixtures (Part 1 of 2)
29) Learn the Lingo: Plumbing Fixtures (Part 2 of 2)
30) Swimming Pool and Spa Lingo
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