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Steel Framing
Definition: Steel framing can be done with light-gauge steel studs, or with structural steel elements (popularly called “red iron”) that form the main framework of the building and then is filled in with steel studs. Most residential applications are done with the light-gauge steel studs.
Principles of operation: There’s nothing magical about building with steel. All you’re doing is replacing one structural material (2x4 wood studs) with another material, 2x4 steel studs. Everything else about the house will be the same.
This is a shot of steel framing being used for the interior of an ICF home. Steel can also be used for the exterior framing, but you will have to insulate and wrap the house just like a conventional home.
Benefits:
- Stronger, withstands wind and earthquake forces better than conventional framing
- The studs themselves are fire proof. However, given their size, any significant structural fire will weaken the steel and will require the removal and replacement of the affected studs.
- Steel is not affected by typical pests.
- The materials are straight and provide for a more uniformly built structure.
- Steel is 100% recyclable and can be considered a “green” material.
Problems:
- Generally more expensive to build with when compared to conventional
- Finding qualified installers who work in the residential area can be a challenge
- Steel conducts energy very efficiently, therefore steel framed homes can use more energy.
Performance:
Energy: Studies have shown that a steel framed house can consume as much as 10% more energy to heat or cool a home as compared to conventionally built homes. Therefore, if using steel framing for the exterior of the home, extra steps have to be taken to overcome the thermal bridging that transfers heat through the walls.
As with any home, design, orientation, construction methods, house envelop and wall thickness all have an impact on the overall energy performance.
Strength/durability: Steel framed homes are stronger to stick built homes. They withstand earthquakes and wind better. This has to do with the fact that steel is fastened together with screws instead of nails.
Fire: Steel is resistant to fire and will not be a fuel source for a house fire. However, if the steel is exposed to high heat long enough, then the affected wall sections will have to be removed and replaced.
Sound: Steel transmits sound very well. Some people complain about the “tinnyness” or metallic sound of walls when you bump into them.
Pests: The steel studs themselves are not affected by pests. However, if you have other materials attached to the studs, then you will still have potential pest problems. However, the structure of you home will not be affected.
Resale: Steel framed homes have an appeal to certain buyers because of their strength and durability. Overall, the fact that a house has a steel frame generally doesn't add much, if any to the value in a resale situation. If its custom built, then it definitely is a plus.
Costs: Framing with steel is generally quite a bit more expensive when compared to conventional construction and a bit more than the other materials.
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Next up in the series: Log Homes: Rustic to Regal
Previous in series: SIPs (Click for article)
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