by Rich Schiffer, Weichert, Realtors 

 Before I began my career in Real Estate, I had often heard the terms "sellers market" and "buyers market" but I had never stopped to think at all about what these terms really meant.

Now that I am engaged in this career, and am being looked to as an expert by my clients, I thought I should boil this down in a way that would make it easy to explain to the consumer.  In addition, a recent conversation with Jeff Bellonger tipped me to the fact that this simple concept may be misunderstood by other professionals in the industry also, so this article goes out to everyone who ever wanted to know, and to those who never realized they didn't know about this fundamental measure of market conditions.

ABSORPTION RATE is the mathematical representation of the relationship between supply and demand.  The total amount of available product is divided by the total amount of product sold in the previous month.  The resulting number represents the number of months it would take, at that same pace, to sell the entire inventory of product.

"Normal Market" conditions exist when the Absorption Rate is between 5 and 6 months.

"Sellers Market" conditions exist when the Absorption Rate is lower.  (1-4 months)

"Buyers Market" conditions exist when the Absorption Rate is higher.  (7+ months)

Here is a (fictitious) example:

  • Anytown, USA has 252 homes currently on the market.
  • In the past month, 78 homes sold
  • 252 / 78 = 3.23
  • This would be a Sellers Market, but is approaching "normal" conditions.

 CAUTION SHOULD BE TAKEN however.  Don't think that Absorption Rate is all you need to look at to determine the condition of the market.  In fact, many people misuse or misunderstand the application of this important ratio, and overlook several important factors:

  1. To have real meaning to you in your practice, or in understanding the market you are buying or selling homes in, you need to look at not the overall conditions, but the local, price-range specific conditions.
  2. The ratio reflects a general condition.  That is, it is not specific.  Specific property features, condition, and price will do more to determine how fast it will actually sell than any mathematical formula will.

I recommend calculating the Absorption Rates in your specific areas, but broken down into several geographic areas and price-range specific categories.

  • Calculate based on County-wide figures,
  • Calculate based on School District figures, and 
  • Calculate based on Municipality figures.

This will help you identify such things as which School Districts are "sought after" and which Municipalities are "highly desired."  (I often see those terms used in MLS descriptions, and I wonder what objective criteria if any were used, or if the listing agent just liked the sound of them.)  If districts or municipalities have lower Absorption Rates than the County-wide rate, then that is an objective measure that those areas are in higher demand than others.

You should analyze the absorption rates in several price ranges: (for example:)

  1. Under 300K  (total number of homes actively listed under 300K divided by the under 300K sales in the previous month)
  2. 300K to 500K
  3. 500K to 800K
  4. 800K to 1M
  5. 1M+

Use ranges that are significant in your market, or significant to your client.

Failure to look at the local data, can result in an unclear picture of the market.  You may inadvertently render poor advice to a client, because your information is too broad in scope, and not specific to their situation.  Telling a buyer that they are in a strong Buyers Market, with an Absorption Rate of 10.6 will ill prepare them for the reality of negotiating the purchase of a 200K home in Anytown, USA, if the Absorption Rate in that price range is actually 1.5.

HOW IS KNOWING ABSORPTION RATES VALUABLE?

  1. FOR SELLERS
    Knowing the market conditions can help you determine the appropriate asking price for your home, based on your need for a timely sale.  If the Absorption Rate in the 300K to 500K is 4.2, while 500K to 800K is 17.4, and you were considering pricing around 510K, you might want to reconsider and price at 499K instead if you need a faster sale.  If you can afford to have your home on the market for a year or more, then pricing it at the 510K would be fine.
  2. FOR BUYERS
    Knowing the market conditions in the specific areas you are looking to buy in will prepare you for negotiating.  It the Absorption rate in Springfield is 3.1, while in Shelbyville it is 15.2, and you want to negotiate a lower than asking price, you can see that in Shelbyville that may be more likely than in Springfield.
  3. FOR AGENTS
    Knowing your market conditions will help serve your clients as you evaluate pricing, negotiate offers, etc.
    If your client is looking for that negotiating edge, you will be able to show them where to find it.   By demonstrating your knowledge of the market with prospective clients, you will also be able to attract more business.  It is very valuable when dealing with unrepresented sellers (FSBOs) since they often lack the access to the very data that is used to calculate the information, they may tend to overprice their property, and simply hope for the best.  Show them your expertise, and you can win their business, too.

This article can be found at http://activerain.com/blogsview/86836/Absorption-Rate-What-it

Permission is granted to reprint the above article.  Reprint permission does not apply to individual comments that may follow:

 In a separate post, I will discuss the correlation between Market Absorption Rate, and Market Value.  Stay Tuned.

 
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63 Comments on Absorption Rate: What it is, and Why you Should Know it

APR
29
2007
7 Featured Posts
This is an awesome post !!  Thank you for sharing !!  I am book marking this one.
9:17pm • #1

Good details't get it, but, I don't get it.  I know when there is lots of inventory and agents sellers are distressed due to lack of sales.

I know as an investors, sellers are lots more motivated to listen to my off the wall creative concepts of making offers on thier properties.

Still great post.

 Charles

9:32pm • #2
2 Featured Posts
Excellent post Rich. mind if I use it in my class?? I love how you explain it.
9:34pm • #3
23 Featured Posts
Monika --  go right ahead.  Permission granted.  The only thing that I ask is that you use it in it's entirety, and include a link back to this post as the source.  I edited the post to incude that information, to make it easy for you to cut/paste/print at your discretion.
9:40pm • #4
149,728 Points 9 Featured Posts Outside Blog
Great work Rich.  Thank you for expressing this so clearly.  May I also have your permission to use it in my classes?
9:45pm • #5
23 Featured Posts

Charles -- I think the next article will clarify some of this for you, and what you are pointing to is right on the money -- there is a strong correlation to Absorption Rate and "flexibility" of price negotiations with sellers.  I will detail that in the next article.

Marlene -- as you can see from the phrase I added in the post:  I have included a general reprint permission for the post itself.

I am flattered that instructors would deign to use my article in their classes.  I am pleased to be able to contribute to the betterment of our profession.

9:53pm • #6
1 Featured Post Localism Sponsor
Hi, Rich:  Thanks!  I understand the concept and have been doing absorption rate in the last few weeks, but you explained it in a way that I can discuss it much better to another person.  Thank you for the permission to print as well.
10:49pm • #7
APR
30
2007
169,539 Points 17 Featured Posts Localism Sponsor Outside Blog

Rich,

I will happily use this info (in it's entirety).  Good information.

Thanks,

Fran

12:09am • #8
MAY
02
2007

Very good work. The one thing I would change is figuring out the average number of homes sold. In many places closings swing up and down with busy months and quiet months. I take the average number of sales across the last six months.

Also to an extent this months closings are "sales" from a month or two back, so averaging it out over a few months kinda makes sense.

 The point to look at price stratas is very important though. Well put indeed.

 

Athol Kay www.reagentinct.com
7:05pm • #9
MAY
03
2007
Rich:
May I suggest the unit style has an impact as well price range.
8:03pm • #10
MAY
04
2007
23 Featured Posts

Athol Kay -- I would not recommend using an average for the sales numbers.  The statistic would lose some of it's meaning.  It is intended to give you a "snap shot" of current conditions.  A rolling average could give a false sense of stability in a dynamic market.  Your value to a client is in your ability to read the conditions as they are, so you can advise them accurately.  By averaging them, you might miss the signs of an impending crash or boom condition, until it is too late.  Remember, you want to "hit the market not chase it."  Using a rolling average by definition would require "chasing the market." 

Here's another teaser:  The next installment in this series will show you the value of the Market Absorption Rate with regard to pricing your clients' listings, and negotiating your clients' offers.  "Hitting the market vs Chasing the Market" could translate to many fewer days on the market.  Stay Tuned!

2:08am • #11
2 Featured Posts

Wow, what a great presentation of absorption. Bookmarked. How did I miss this originally.

But, breaking it down to all those micro levels. Do you do that on a regiular basis?

10:41am • #12

so basically, this paragraph

"ABSORPTION RATE is the mathematical representation of the relationship between supply and demand.  The total amount of available product is divided by the total amount of product sold in the previous month.  The resulting number represents the number of months it would take, at that same pace, to sell the entire inventory of product."

 

says it all pretty much.

4:26pm • #13
23 Featured Posts
Keith -- the "Micro" breakdown gets done at least monthly in my primary market area.  I will do addiditional analyses in any area that I have clients looking to buy in, or selling in.  It may seem like a lot of research, but the payoff is well worth it.  You will know your market better than you ever have before, and your expertise will shine for your clients.
5:18pm • #14
MAY
24
2007
9 Featured Posts

Rich,

Excellent post and explanation. We are somewhere around 30 months on the absorption rate.

4:52am • #15
23 Featured Posts
Ron -- run the absorption rates in each price range, and you may be surprised to see much better absorption rates in different ranges.  If properties 300 to 500 have a rate of 6.3 and 501-750 have a rate of 20.9, that is strong evidence that a listing at $515,000 will likely sell much faster if reduced to $495,000, but a reduction to $505,000 wouldn't likely expose it to any more buyers than before.  Pricing to "hit the market" rather than chase it is key, and understanding Absorption Rate is a big factor.
10:31am • #16
MAY
31
2007
Hi Rich, thanks so much for a great explanation of absorption rate and I like your comment about hitting the market instead of chasing it.  Keep up the great work!
9:40am • #17
23 Featured Posts
Thanks, Vickie.  I will have another Article on that very topic coming soon.  Keep watching the Blogosphere!
10:03pm • #18
JUN
28
2007
2 Featured Posts
Really good post.  I think that many agents should learn it completely and use it in their own practices.
6:44am • #19
23 Featured Posts
Thanks, Steven.  In my estimation, Absorption Rate is the grand-daddy of all statistics.  That very basic relationship between supply and demand.  So much of what happens in this business is essentially driven by that one key relationship.
7:04am • #20
JUL
01
2007
263,267 Points 59 Featured Posts Outside Blog
Very interesting stuff, not sure why this wasn't featured?  None the less, very good post and a great contribution to us all!  Geez, and I thought being a successful Realtor was a walk in the park:-)
9:21am • #21
Great post thanks for the info
11:04am • #22
JUL
02
2007
23 Featured Posts

Thanks Jason. -- A walk in the park?  Perhaps if I were marketing a home that bordered the park, or perhaps if I were marketing the park itself, then being successful might include a "walk in the park" -- but I don't think it could ever be one.

Margaret -- thank you for stopping by to read it, and I hope the information helps you.

10:08am • #23

Great articel - I just finished a very similiar excercise.  I wrote 5 different Market Snapshots for the 5 zip codes in my market.  If you are interested, you can check one of them out here  Market Snapshot - San Jacinto CA 92583 | June 30, 2007 .

I think I have everything that you referred to in my report.

10:17am • #24
23 Featured Posts
John, thanks.  I will certainly check out your Market Snapshot.
10:31am • #25
JUL
11
2007
Rich, Thank you for an excellent article on absorption rate.  This is something I have used for quite awhile, but I am amazed at the number of agents who feel it is "too time consuming".  But hey, that's an advantage for me that they do!  I'm looking forward to more posts like this from you
1:24pm • #26
213,891 Points 3 Featured Posts Outside Blog
Thank you very much Rich for educating me on this particular topic.
3:37pm • #27
23 Featured Posts

Lanre:  You are most welcome. 

Gina: By taking the extra time this analysis takes, you really do get a better understanding of your market, and thereby become of greater value to your clients.  If agents feel that becoming more valuable to clients is not worth their time, well...let me just say..."to each his own."

5:43pm • #28
SEP
19
2007
Outside Blog
Good topic, how do you take into account fsbos selling.
2:14pm • #29
23 Featured Posts

Phil -- Great question.  Homes that are For Sale By Owner can affect the overall statistics, but only slightly.  Here's why I say that:  Statistically, a large percentage (some say 70% some say 80%) of unrepresented sellers eventually engage a REALTOR to market their home.  Some simply change their mind, and withdraw their home from the market.  Some are successful and sell their home on their own, of course.  Those transactions eventually will be recorded on the public record, and will appear in the statistics that are gathered through that method.

When you evaluate the market conditions for your client, you are drawing your data from the MLS.  You are reporting on the activity as measured by the tools at hand, and your analysis will be based on the facts reported.  There is no real need to adjust your analysis for the presence of FSBOs, because the Supply vs Demand formula that Absorption Rate represents is measured by Inventory and Previous sales of that inventory. 

An analogy that might clarify this for some people:  School Performance.  Schools are rated by their student's abilities to pass certain tests.  Adjustments are not made to the statistics based on the testing of home-schooled children that might have otherwise attended that school.  You need to think of unrepresented sellers (FSBOs) in much the the same way.

I hope that answers your question.

2:50pm • #30
OCT
20
2007
I agree about the FSBO's. We can calculate the number of sales but we would have no idea about how many were "listed". I am in the process of trying to calculate new home sales into absorption rates. Give me your thoughts on how I might do this and not have "garbage in garbage out" for my resulting market analysis.
3:11pm • #31
OCT
23
2007
23 Featured Posts

Chip --

New Construction is a bit easier to address when doing absorption rate analysis than FSBOs, certainly.  Most MLS systems will allow you select whether or not to include new construction in your searches.  I suggest that for the most complete analysis, you look at the "big picture" and include new construction in your overall analysis. I say this for a couple of reasons:

  1. Your buyers will likely look at new homes as well as resales.  For many buyers, if it is in their price range, new construction is preferred over resales.  As you advise your buyers, most will need to receive advice that covers the complete market.
  2. Your sellers will be selling their home in a market that has new construction as well as resales.  Therefore, they need advice on how to position their home to compete in the total market, not just the resale market.

What I suggest is that after doing your analysis of a particular area's market, if your clients are specifically interested in purchasing new construction, then you then break out the new construction-specific absorption data.  It could arm you to negotiate the best price for them when they actually make an offer to purchase.  It will certainly help you and your client (and perhaps the builder you are negotiating with) understand the supply vs. demand side of the equation.

Because most buyers, (and all sellers) are searching or (competing) in the total market, your best bet is to analyze the market as it is, without adjustments.  In my experience, the practice of "adjusting" analyses to compensate for FSBOs or new construction is too often used to simply paint a brighter picture.  Your clients will be best served by accurate, thorough advice that is based solidly on the facts -- the complete set of facts.

1:30pm • #32
Thanks Rich for the intilectuall stimulation. The problem I am having is that our assessors office records new home sales on taxstar. Which has very few searching and sorting cababilities as MLS does. New home sales are almost never sold on MLS and right now I have to go into every listing on taxstar to see who the original owner was to see if it is a builders sale. This is very tedious and I have very little hair left. 
11:16pm • #33
OCT
24
2007
23 Featured Posts

Chip -- I feel your pain.  Just don't spend too much of your efforts with that type of breakdown.  The results might be interesting to you, but unless you can directly apply the analysis to your client, don't waste your time.  That is to say, knowing how fast new construction will sell out is only trivia to most buyers.  Unless you are doing an analysis on behalf of a builder, there will be little direct value to you. 

My advice:  Focus on the market knowledge that will actually make a difference to you and your clients.

10:12am • #34
NOV
20
2007
NOV
23
2007
169,565 Points 2 Featured Posts Outside Blog
Rich:  This is one of the best and most helpful posts I've discovered on AR.  I cannot wait to use your information to make informative and accurate calcualtions in my maket.  I'm just getting started trying to do this stuff so I feel so lucky to have discovered your blog.  A comment above said they were surprised this blog was not featured and so am I.  Actually, I'm floored!!!  Thank you for this great information.
2:42pm • #36
DEC
03
2007
2 Featured Posts
Great article and so true about getting down to the specific price range so you can see the differences.  I like to look broad to specific so we can see if the trending is following along.  And I find it enormously helpful to buyers who are unrealistic about stealing a house to see that not everything is a distress sale.
8:44am • #37
23 Featured Posts

Keisha -- Thanks for the supportive comment.

Donna -- I tend to judge an article not by whether or not it was featured, but by how long it continues to attract comments.  As you can see, this was posted in April, and is still getting commented on in late November.  To me, that is a greater measure of the topic's worth than the intitial wave of comments that a "feature" would have attracted.

8:47am • #38
DEC
05
2007
582,757 Points 62 Featured Posts Outside Blog
Rich, an excellent discussion on absorption rate and educating the public on this topic to properly price a property. I like to use graphs with it as well. Knowing there are different rates by price range is key too.
6:47am • #39
JAN
01
2008
Rich, I have seen absorption rate calculated as the number of homes sold divided by the total number available for sale.  So a 4-month inventory would be the same as a 25% absorption rate.  In general real estate terminology, is it typical for "absorption rate" to refer to both methods of calculation?
1:03pm • #40
298,421 Points Localism Sponsor Outside Blog

Great post, I have to use this material. Thanks

4:16pm • #41
JAN
03
2008
Hit Router
This is a great post Rich, thanks for sharing.  I started my blog a while back and am looking at ways to incorporate market stats, including absorption rates, into it.  Being more specific as to the areas and price ranges seems to be the key to using the absorption rates accurately.  Thanks again.
11:38am • #42
JAN
04
2008
23 Featured Posts
Gary -- Graphs work extremely well when doing face-to-face presentations, but I have found that the best graphs in the world are useless when trying to describe something over the phone.  I get consumers calling me with questions quite often, and I need to be able to explain things to them verbally so they can understand it.  Around the holidays, at parties, I would often be asked real estate questions, as well.  Could you imagine the response if I set down my plate of quiche, and whipped out a series of graphs and charts?  I think there is definitely a place for them, but understanding the concept is more important than relying on a graphic representation, in my estimation.
4:20pm • #43
23 Featured Posts

Sallie -- you raise a good question.  And I admit that I had to wrap my brain around it for a bit before I could give you a valuable answer...

You suggest a ratio of demand divded by supply, as opposed to supply divided by demand.

Both methods essentially measure the relationship between supply and demand. 

Which then is the better method to use?

I think that the method I presented in the original post will be more useful to you, and more importantly, have a greater impact for your clients.  Showing a seller that there is a 10 month supply of similar properties in the price range he wants to get for his home that he needs to sell in 2 months will go a long way to helping him see the value of pricing it where it will get potential buyers' attention quickly.

It may be an issue of semantics, mixed with a bit of psychology, but I just think that seeing the statistic expressed as a number of months is easier to understand for most people -- at least for those of us without an MBA.  Some clients may be better suited to evaluating the rate as a percentage, however, so you need to make that decision on a case by case basis, I think.

4:42pm • #44
23 Featured Posts
Tyler -  Thanks for including a link to this article in your blog.
4:54pm • #45
JAN
18
2008
244,897 Points 16 Featured Posts Outside Blog

Excellent, excellent info, Rich.  I have bookmarked this for future reference.

Karen 

9:46pm • #46
JAN
21
2008
Thanks for the post. Valuable information to know right now.  I have several listings that are approaching 9 months to a year.  Your absorption rate info has given me and my clients valuable information as to what's going on. Thanks again. This is a great blog to bookmark and refer back to now and again.
12:30pm • #47
FEB
28
2008
Great info which reinforced a class I was in today.  I look forward to seeing more from you.
9:32pm • #48
23 Featured Posts

Karen -- come back as often as you need to!

Steve -- You can also use the absorption rate data to help determine what might make a stale listing sell faster. For example:  I have a listing that is a 3 bedroom, 1 bath town home.  The absorption rate when I took the listing was 6.  Now it is closer to 16.  However, the absorption rate for 3 bedroom, 1.5 baths has remained around a 6.  This means that the buyers value that powder room very highly.  By looking at the data carefully, I can best advice my client.  They need to take the property off the market, add a powder room, and then re-list it in order to attract today's buyers.  They will be able to recoup some of the remodeling costs when they finally sell.

Latonia -- glad to hear it.  I am curious, was this article mentioned in the class, or did you find it on your own?

9:47pm • #49
APR
04
2008
Great presentation on this subject.

I use these statisticcs with both buyers and sellers.

Se my post at: http://activerain.com/blogs/jpeters
4:13pm • #50
23 Featured Posts

Joe -- Thanks, I will check out the post

10:21pm • #51
MAY
22
2008

This is an incredible post. I will be sharing this with everyone on my team!!!   Thank you.

6:14pm • #52
213,891 Points 3 Featured Posts Outside Blog

This is a very nice post. I had to re-read it again. You really broke it down. This post should've definitely been featured. Great job Rich.

6:41pm • #53
Localism Sponsor

Bravo, Rich. This is exactly the sort of post I look for here at AR: informative, intelligent and timely. I've been grappling with the best way to present stats and have been wondering this very thing.  Thanks.

6:53pm • #54
23 Featured Posts

Stephanie -- Thank you.  Invite your team to check out the "Technology Toolkit Training" group, also, as I am posting many other helpful tips there, as well.

Lanre -- Thanks for re-reading.  This post certainly has had a long conversation time.  It has been over a year and the comments keep comming.  I guess that is because of the timeless nature of the post.

Lisa -- I can't really take credit for the "timeliness" of the post.  It was originally posted over a year ago.  But that points to the nature of blogs, and what makes them so effective in reaching consumers.  If you write about a topic, and post it online, your article can be seen whenever the consumer does their search.  Anyway, I am glad you liked it, and I appreciate your kind comment. 

8:45pm • #55
AUG
22
2008
23 Featured Posts

Since I had several requests to "reprint" this article, I have also activated the "reblog" feature...feel free to use it to post it on your ActiveRain outside blog, if you wish.

7:02pm • #56
AUG
24
2008
212,973 Points

Thanks for sharing the information in this article....makes some great points.

1:45pm • #57
SEP
20
2008
4 Featured Posts

Rich, I just ran across this post and it is great!!  It is exactly the information I needed.  Thank you so much.

7:58am • #58
SEP
21
2008

I can not express how valuable I find this post. I really appreciate your taking the time for this post, and thank you! It was so helpful and understandable!

10:31am • #59
23 Featured Posts

Allen -- I am glad you liked it.

Ray --  If you think it will be helpful to share with your clients, feel free to use the "re-blog" feature to add it to your blog.

Molly -- Once you understand a concept, it is important to share that understanding.  If you share what you know, you may find your understanding of it grows as well. 

10:41am • #60
NOV
28
NOV
30

I have learned something new today. thank you. i have this booked marked.

11:10am • #62
23 Featured Posts

Sharon -- My grandfather once said, "You should learn something new each day."  I am glad I could be the source of something new (and presumably useful) for you today.

2:28pm • #63

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Rich Schiffer, REALTOR, e-PRO

Swarthmore, PA

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Weichert, Realtors

Address: 606 E Baltimore Pike, Media, PA, 19063

Office Phone: (610) 565-1300 x 122

Cell Phone: (610) 506-2663

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I will be posting information intended to be helpful for home buyers, sellers, and investors. I will also post articles intended to be of benefit for other Real Estate Professionals. I will try to avoid articles on religion or politics, unless it has direct bearing on Real Estate matters, but I reserve the right to be thought-provoking, and even philosophical at times. (And even humorous, if I am feeling in the mood) Please sign our guestbook:

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