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French Drains: When You Need Them
Water always flows downhill, and by the easiest route possible. That’s the basic concept behind a French drain, a slightly sloped trench filled with round gravel and a pipe that diverts water away from your house.
By the way, the name doesn’t come from the country. It’s from Henry French, a judge and farmer in Concord, Massachusetts, who promoted the idea in an 1859 book about farm drainage.
How a French Drain Works
French drains provide an easy channel for water to flow through. Water runs into a gravel-filled trench, then into perforated pipe at the bottom of the trench. 
Water travels freely through the pipe, which empties a safe distance from the house.
The trench bottom should be sloped about 1 inch for every 8 feet in the direction you want water to flow. Depending on your situation, the water can be diverted to:
A low-lying area of your property A drainage ditch A dry well The street When You Need a French Drain When you have a problem with surface water, such as a soggy lawn or a driveway that washes out If water is getting into your basement If you’re building a retaining wall on a hillside If Your Problem is Surface WaterInstall ... more

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