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Three steps to horizontal directional drilling success
Directional drilling has been a solution to many oil and gas drilling problems since the 1920s, albeit it had much less technology helping it along the way all them years ago. While the technology has improved over the years, the idea around directional drilling has long remained the same.
Directional drilling is a 3 stage process:
Drill a Pilot Hole
The first stage consists of drilling a small centred hole. Drilling fluid is pumped through the drill pipe to the drill bit where high pressure jets and the bit will grind the soils ahead of the drill stem. The drilling fluid will also carry the cuttings back to the entrance pit at the drill rig. Tracking of the pilot hole can be done in several ways depending on the size and complexity of the shot. Smaller shots are done using a walkover guidance system whereas the larger more complex shots have a wire line magnetics type system. With both methods there is a transmitter or steering tool located near the drill head which sends a signal to the location engineer giving the exact coordinates of the drill stem. Readings are constantly taken which check the depth, alignment and percent slope of the drill head.
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