While they have their role in nature, molds are a most unwelcome sight indoors. And not are they only unsightly, but they can cause allergic reactions and other potential health problems.
Molds are fungi that reproduce by microscopic spores which float through air. Once a spore falls on a wet spot, it grows into a mold, spreads, and starts to churn out more spores. The more moisture is available, the faster the mold will spread.
Bathrooms and kitchens are the rooms most susceptible to mold because they are exposed to moisture the most. Damp basements are also fertile grounds for mold growth, as is anything that's been damaged by water (carpet or a wall, for example).
If you detect mold in your home, you must both clean it and treat the source of moisture. If you only remove the mold, but the moisture remains, the mold will reappear. Small affected areas (less than 3 feet by 3 feet) you can clean yourself with mold-killing cleaners or bleach solution (avoid direct contact with mold and always follow manufacturers instructions when using bleach or any other cleaning product). For areas larger than 3 feet by 3 feet, it is best to consult a professional.
Leaky pipes and leaky roofs can be especially problematic, and therefore should be repaired as soon as possible. Any areas permeated by water must be dried and cleaned within 48 hours to prevent mold from developing. Once mold penetrates any porous surface (like wood or carpet) it is nearly impossible to get rid of it, and you may need to replace the surface.
Of course, the best way for dealing with mold is to prevent it from developing in the first place. The key is to control moisture in your home. The humidity should be kept to below 60%, using a dehumidifier if necessary. Provide ample ventilation when cooking and taking showers. All moisture producing appliances should vent to the outside (for example, the dryer and the kitchen hood). Installing carpet in bathrooms and damp basements is a definite no-no. And, of course, any area that gets wet should be cleaned and thoroughly dried right away.
It is not possible to completely eliminate mold and its spores just like it is not possible to completely eliminate germs. But by keeping your home dry, and by keeping an eye to potential problem areas, you can keep its presence to almost zero.
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