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Tourism Displaced: Ironman’s Real Impact on Kona’s Local Economy

By
Real Estate Agent with Kona Home Team (luva llc) RB-24133

We all have that one friend who likes to brag—whether it’s about how much money they make, how big their home is, or how impressive their achievements are.

The Ironman race in Kona can feel a bit like that friend. Every year, the event proudly claims to inject millions into the local economy. However, data paints a different picture, and a closer look at the numbers suggests those claims may be somewhat overstated.

Overview of Visitor Data (Past 10 Years)

Below is an analysis of visitor data from the Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development & Tourism, covering visitor days, arrivals, and expenditures over the past decade.

Seasonal Trends

  • Expenditures: Higher visitor spending occurs during winter months (e.g., December, January, February).
    • December 2018: $228 million in visitor expenditures
    • January 2019: $253 million in visitor expenditures
  • Summer Peaks: July and August also see increased visitor numbers, aligning with vacation seasons.
    • July 2019: 173,899 total visitor days, $221 million in expenditures
    • August 2018: 157,544 visitor days, $167 million in expenditures

October’s Position

  • October tends to fall between summer and winter highs:
    • October 2018: 857,946 visitor days, $170.4 million in expenditures
    • October 2019: 931,498 visitor days, $176.9 million in expenditures
  • Other months, like December and July, regularly outperform October.

A Key Discovery

2020 and 2021 were the only years in over four decades when the Ironman World Championship wasn’t held in Hawaii.

  • In 2020, Hawaii’s tourism shut down due to the pandemic, with no tourism spending data reported.
  • In 2021, without the Ironman race, October offers a unique benchmark—and it outperformed both its neighboring months in revenue, a rare occurrence seen only four other times over the past decade: 2014, 2018, 2019, 2021, and 2022.

Visitor Data for 2021:

  • September 2021: 733,439 visitor days, $136 million revenue
  • October 2021: 824,203 visitor days, $161 million revenue (outperformed both neighboring months)
  • November 2021: 1,003,095 visitor days, $157 million revenue

This insight suggests that October can thrive without Ironman, raising questions about the race's actual economic impact.

October 2023 in Context with the Ironman Event

  • September 2023: 1,020,439 visitor days, $252 million revenue
  • October 2023: 1,045,749 visitor days, $248 million revenue (more visitors, but less spending)
  • November 2023: 1,092,203 visitor days, $259 million revenue 

  • Note- visual aid below reflects 2020 with no data reported

Real Estate Sales Trends During Ironman

A closer look at real estate data suggests that the Ironman race does not cause significant disruptions in the local housing market. Sales from September to December align with typical seasonal patterns (sample pulled from MLS in 2019—pre-COVID, post-2018 lava flow North Kona):

  • September: 45 homes, 35 condos sold
  • October: 41 homes, 38 condos sold
  • November: 44 homes, 28 condos sold
  • December: 36 homes, 38 condos sold

COVID-19 Impact on Tourism

The pandemic had a significant impact on tourism, with 2020 seeing a sharp decline in visitor numbers:

  • October 2020: 213,822 visitor days (compared to over 900,000 pre-pandemic)
  • No expenditure was recorded during this period due to travel restrictions.

 

Additional Insight

  • Tourism Displacement: Ironman participants’ trips often replace other types of vacations, limiting the net economic impact (sources: Hawaii Public Radio, Kauai News Now).

Conclusion

The data confirms that October does not generate a significant economic boost compared to other months. Visitor arrivals and expenditures peak during July, August, December, and January, with October generally performing at average levels.

However, 2021 offers a unique insight—being the only October in four decades without the Ironman race. Interestingly, October has outperformed both September and November in revenue not just in 2021, but also in 2014, 2018, 2019, and 2022. This suggests that the event may not be the driving factor behind strong spending patterns in October, raising questions about the true economic impact of Ironman.

With the data in hand, the question becomes: Is it really worth it all?

My Personal Opinion

I appreciate Ironman for what it is—an incredible display of human strength and achievement. However, it’s important not to mistake it for something it’s not.

While the event generates some economic impact, the claim of injecting $30 million into Kona’s economy must be weighed against the $30 million in displaced spending from typical winter activities—like fall break trips, weddings, honeymoons, anniversaries, family vacations, and visits focused on relaxation, adventure, or cultural experiences in Hawaii.

The numbers speak for themselves.

 

Posted by

Lance Owens RB-24133
 808.936.8383 

LUVA Real Estate | 75-240 Nani Kailua #8, Kailua Kona, HI 96740   
     REALTOR® / BROKER-IN-CHARGE • Residential homes, Condos, Land, Agricultural/ Equestrian/Large Acreage 
Hawaii Association of REALTORS® (HAR) 
     2025 President | 2023/24 State RPAC Chair
     2023 HARLA Graduate 
National Association of REALTORS® (NAR) 
     2023-25 Director | 2024-25 RPAC Participation Council | Safety Advisory Committee | Region 13 Leadership
NAR Designations
      
AWHD (At Home With Diversity) | PSA ( Pricing Strategy Advisor) 
West Hawaii Association of REALTORS® (WHAR)
     2023 REALTOR® of the Year | 2018/2022 Preside

Show All Comments Sort:
Dee Toohey
Innovative Realty Solutions Group - Longwood, FL
Broker, ABR, AHWD, CIPS, FMS, ePro

Thanks, Lance, for the informative and useful information. Tourism is picking backup but it's not as it was yet. The economic factors may change after the election for all tourist locations. 

Oct 26, 2024 05:44 PM
Kathy Streib
Cypress, TX
Home Stager/Redesign

Hi Lance- That's interesting. I wonder how many times I've fallen for misused stats or stats that don't tell the whole story. 

Oct 26, 2024 05:50 PM
Kona Home Team (LUVA LLC) Lance Owens (RB-24133)

Kathy Streib - exactly, I have listened to the Ironman promoters for 2 decades now and just didnt see what they said, now with the help of AI - I was able to analyze the data easily, and it was more like what my gut told me 

 

Oct 26, 2024 06:21 PM
Kathy Streib
Cypress, TX
Home Stager/Redesign

Oct 26, 2024 06:20 PM
Kona Home Team (LUVA LLC) Lance Owens (RB-24133)

Thank you 😀

Oct 26, 2024 06:22 PM
Michael Jacobs
Pasadena, CA
Pasadena And Southern California 818.516.4393

Hello Lance - interesting.  

Oct 27, 2024 04:05 AM
Wayne Martin
Wayne M Martin - Oswego, IL
Real Estate Broker - Retired

Good morning Lance. A great example of perception and reality differences. Without a deep dive, the numbers are easily misunderstood. Thanks for setting the record straight. I had a friend who competed for many years. Enjoy your day.

Oct 27, 2024 05:41 AM
Kona Home Team (LUVA LLC) Lance Owens (RB-24133)

Thanks Wayne Martin 
I dont know why it took me so long to fact check it - lol 
Glad I know the answer though

Oct 27, 2024 03:56 PM
Michael Drutar

I guess I’m the friend who likes to brag.

 

  1. Your data is presented without important context, intentionally misleading your readers to get them to a misguided conclusion.

  2. Sourcing an opinion does not make it a fact- it’s still an opinion.

  3. All I have to do is use my eyes to see that there are more people in town that week than the 3 weeks before or after. Heck, that’s why everyone complains about traffic.

 

The first major flaw that leaped off the page to me was your “Key Discovery”. You report that visitor numbers in October 2021 prove that the numbers can be good, even without the event. What you negligently did not remind your audience, was that international travel in 2021 was nonexistent because people would have a very difficult time returning to the US due to covid restrictions. The covid economic boom was in full effect at that time- people did not want to sit at home anymore, they had loads of cash due to various government programs, and they could not go international. Hawaii was in the midst of a boom. As you are well aware, this was the golden age for owners of stvr’s. Our clients were having 95% occupancy- of course you know all of this, but either failed or chose to not include that context. Using any data from that time is a fundamentally flawed approach.

 

Another bullet point that seemed completely out of place was this:

  • Tourism Displacement: Ironman participants’ trips often replace other types of vacations, limiting the net economic impact (sources: Hawaii Public Radio, Kauai News Now).

That statement is an opinion. Simply restating an opinion of a biased source does not make it a sourceable fact. Hawaii Public Radio and Kauai News Now are hardly what anyone would consider pro-business entities and are certainly socialist/left leaning media, and both commonly have a grudge against pro capitalists groups, including REALTORS like you and I. I think you know this, but you’re looking for any ally to help build your case, even those you yourself do not trust. Sure some people will go elsewhere that week, but because the supply demand curve had kicked in and prices are up.

The gist of your piece is that the event really doesn't do much for Kona. The same number of people would be here anyway. But if that’s really true:

  • Why do people complain about how much traffic there is on race week, BEFORE there are any road closures?

  • Why is there a 30 minute wait for a table at a restaurant, when 2 weeks ago I could walk right in?

  • Why do we see airfare skyrocket (supply and demand)?

  • Why do we see more limited hotel/stvr vacancies when compared to the 4 weeks before and after?

  • Why is it impossible to find a car rental that week?

  • Why are the grocery store shelves half empty?

  • Why do we see long lines at the gas station?

  • Why are snorkel boats full with multiple trips, whereas the weeks before they are half empty?

The title of your article should really be “Who you gonna trust, me or your lyin’ eyes?” I don’t NEED data to know what I see- but if I did, I could just look at a professional economic impact study. 

Even if your unsourced estimates are correct that $30M (and I mean real sourcing from an economic study) is displaced during the event (and I do not agree with that estimate, but I want to Steel Man your case), your estimate that $30M is brought in during the race is completely wrong. The economic impact back in 2019 was $75M. Source for the 2019 $72M was Markrich Research LLC.

I'll do the math for you below.

$72,000,000 - $30,000,000= $42,000,000 Net effect.

$42,000,000 is greater than $0. Therefore, even if we grant you a random $30M displacement, there is a $42M net positive, back in 2019 when the members were smaller. No doubt the impact and displacement would be greater in today's dollars, meaning that it’s definitely even higher than $42M now.

We are always going to have anti-everything people here in Hawaii. It holds us back on tourism and holds us back on housing.

Oct 28, 2024 11:27 AM
Kona Home Team (LUVA LLC) Lance Owens (RB-24133)
Kona Home Team (luva llc) - Kailua-Kona, HI
2024 Real Estate Expert - Hawaii Island

Aloha Mike,
I always appreciate our conversations, my friend, by the tone of your comment most would not think we are not friends - but I understand your passion has blinded your vision - the graphs and numbers have no "opinion or bias"  

The 2021 visitor data wasn’t meant to overlook COVID’s impact but to demonstrate that tourism can succeed without Ironman. The goal isn’t to replicate those conditions but to explore less disruptive alternatives that could benefit the community.

Over the past decade, October’s visitor numbers have consistently matched the upward slope of our winter tourism,   as does September and November—this is based on clear data. While Ironman’s reported economic impact ranges from $30M to $100M, the visitor counts for October still align with those in the surrounding months. If there’s data showing a $72M increase above typical monthly levels, I’d be happy to take a look. As it stands, no matter which figure we use—$30M, $72M, or $100M ( I pulled the $30m from a press release, and the $100m was from you last week) the numbers tell the same story: tourism patterns remain steady, with or without Ironman.

The increased traffic, rental shortages, and higher airfare during race week are the result of squeezing a month’s worth of visitors into a few days. This doesn’t reflect more visitors overall—just concentrated demand. That’s also why many tourists stay away or choose a different island during the month of October.

I don’t understand your concerns on bias, the graphs and data referenced here don’t lean toward either side—they simply reflect the facts and unless you are looking at a different graph – its pretty clean – October follows the normal winter travel pattern.

This article wasn’t intended to dismiss Ironman, but to spark a discussion on how we can better balance large events with the needs of the community. I value your passion—it’s clear this topic means a lot to you. But it seems it may be influencing your view.
I look forward to spirited conversation at Ola brew my friend
Aloha and Mahalo for always speaking your mind!

Oct 28, 2024 12:25 PM