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Why This Matters: Capital Gains Tax Hasn’t Kept Up With Housing Prices

By
Real Estate Agent with Meridian Capital Real Estate BRE# 01435250

Under current federal tax law, homeowners can exclude up to:

  • $250,000 in capital gains (single filer), or

  • $500,000 (married, filing jointly)

when they sell a primary residence, provided they’ve lived in it for at least two of the past five years. These thresholds were established in 1997 and have never been adjusted for inflation or rapidly rising home values.

As a result:

  • Many more homeowners today are exceeding the exclusion limits, particularly in high-cost markets like California.

  • Capital gains exposure has become a major reason homeowners delay or avoid selling, contributing to limited housing inventory.


What the Federal Government Is Considering

Momentum is building in Washington around proposals that would modernize or significantly reform capital gains taxes on the sale of primary residences.

1. Eliminating Capital Gains Taxes on Primary Residences

One proposal gaining attention would eliminate federal capital gains taxes entirely on the sale of a primary residence, removing exclusion caps altogether.

Key points:

  • Applies only to primary residences, not second homes or investment properties.

  • Would allow homeowners to sell without tax penalties regardless of appreciation.

  • Advocates argue it would increase mobility, encourage downsizing, and free up housing inventory.

  • Critics note potential benefits may skew toward higher-value properties and wealthier homeowners.

This idea has been introduced legislatively and is being actively discussed by housing and real estate advocacy groups.

2. Raising and Indexing the Capital Gains Exclusion

Another bipartisan proposal, often referred to as the More Homes on the Market Act, would:

  • Double the current exclusion limits

  • Index the exclusions to inflation going forward

The goal is to restore the original purchasing power of the 1997 thresholds and prevent homeowners from being taxed simply because of long-term market appreciation.

Supporters believe this would encourage more homeowners to sell, easing inventory shortages and creating a healthier, more fluid housing market.


Why Reform Is Gaining Momentum

Outdated Thresholds

When the exclusion was created, very few home sales exceeded the limits. Today, appreciation alone has pushed many longtime homeowners past those caps, even without luxury upgrades or speculative gains.

Market Impact

Policymakers and housing advocates argue that reform could:

  • Reduce the “lock-in” effect keeping homeowners in place

  • Encourage downsizing and right-sizing

  • Increase listing inventory without new construction

  • Improve affordability through increased supply

These effects would be especially noticeable in markets with strong long-term appreciation.


Bottom Line: This Could Fundamentally Change the Housing Market

If federal capital gains reform passes, the real estate landscape could shift in meaningful ways:

  • More homeowners willing to sell

  • Increased housing supply

  • Greater flexibility for retirees and longtime owners

  • Reduced tax friction in life-stage moves

At the same time, the proposals remain under debate and are not yet law. The scope, timing, and final structure are still uncertain.

Comments(22)

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Sandy Padula & Norm Padula, JD, GRI
HomeSmart Realty West & Florida Realty Investments - , CA
Presence, Persistence & Perseverance

Matt Helganz This is a thoughtful blog and one I must agree with as we are contemplating liquidation to achieve full retirement, but not with all the tax penalties including primarily the greed of the California Governor and the so-called people's representatives in Sacramento.

Jan 14, 2026 11:01 AM
John Juarez

Please remember that it is Congress that passes IRS tax laws and not state governors or state lawmakers.

Jan 14, 2026 11:08 AM
Matt Helganz

Thank you, Sandy and Norm. I really appreciate you sharing your perspective. For many people approaching retirement, the tax implications play a major role in these decisions, and it’s a conversation that deserves thoughtful attention at both the state and federal levels. Wishing you clarity and the best outcome as you plan this next chapter.

Jan 15, 2026 08:51 AM
John Juarez
The Medford Real Estate Team - Fremont, CA
ePRO, SRES, GRI, PMN

My house is not in an expensive area relative to many SF Bay Area locations. I am not wealthy.

Yet, I am trapped by the current tax law that would compel me to pay thousands, maybe hundreds of thousands of dollars to the IRS if I were to sell my principal residence.

Under the current law, the smart thing to do is die,along with my wife, still owning the house which would then pass to our children who could sell it under the current law that causes a step-up and would avoid this ridiculous tax.

And one more house would be for sale.

If the capital gain tax on owner occupied homes is deleted, there would be lots of additional houses on the market.

Jan 14, 2026 11:04 AM
Matt Helganz

Thank you for sharing this so honestly, John. Your experience highlights one of the unintended consequences of the current capital gains framework—many homeowners aren’t “wealthy” but are still effectively locked in by tax exposure. The step-up in basis reality you describe underscores how the system can discourage mobility rather than support it. Meaningful reform could absolutely help free up inventory and give homeowners more flexibility in making life decisions. I appreciate you adding such an important perspective to the conversation.

Jan 15, 2026 08:52 AM
GilbertRealtor BillSalvatore
Arizona Elite Properties - Chandler, AZ
Realtor - 602-999-0952 / em: golfArizona@cox.net

good post with great information. Thanks for sharing it. Bill

Have a fantastic week!

Bill Salvatore, Realtor- Arizona Elite Properties

Jan 14, 2026 11:29 AM
Matt Helganz

Thank you, Bill—I really appreciate that. Glad you found it helpful. Hope you have a fantastic week as well!

Jan 15, 2026 08:52 AM
Ellie McIntire
Ellicott City Clarksville Howard County Maryland Real Estate - Ellicott City, MD
Luxury service in Central Maryland

Wow, this really puts things in perspective! 🏡 No wonder so many homeowners feel “stuck.” Hopefully updates make it easier to move and downsize without big tax worries.

Jan 14, 2026 01:35 PM
Matt Helganz

Thanks, Ellie—exactly. That “stuck” feeling comes up again and again in these conversations. Thoughtful updates could really help homeowners move, downsize, or right-size without the fear of an outsized tax hit. Appreciate you chiming in!

Jan 15, 2026 08:53 AM
Jasvir Josan
Direct Realty and Mortgage - Elk Grove, CA
Target Marketing Specialist

Great post highlighting the current Market situation. Majority of homeowners are staying in their homes due to the capital gains even though they want to move.

Jan 14, 2026 02:58 PM
Matt Helganz

Thank you, Jasvir. That’s exactly what we’re seeing—many homeowners would like to move but feel constrained by capital gains considerations. It’s an important factor shaping today’s market, and I appreciate you adding to the discussion.

Jan 15, 2026 08:53 AM
Adam Feinberg
Howard Hanna Elegran - Manhattan, NY
NYC Condo, Co-op, and Townhouse Advisor

I am not opposed to the idea of keeping a capital gains tax on home sales in place...but to not adjust the $ thresholds in decades is at the root of the problem. I recall California  bringing this up with a proposed bill a few years back ....and then....nothing. 

I am going to make a prediction here....nothing changes anytime soon- years even. This is one of those points where I want someone to prove me wrong.

Jan 14, 2026 03:08 PM
Matt Helganz

That’s a very fair take, Adam. Many people aren’t opposed to the concept itself—it’s the fact that the thresholds haven’t kept pace with inflation or market realities that creates the real strain. Your point about prior attempts that went nowhere is well taken, and the skepticism is understandable. Still, the growing volume of homeowners feeling “stuck” may eventually force the issue back into serious conversation. I’d be happy to be proven wrong alongside you.

Jan 15, 2026 08:53 AM
Nick Vandekar, 610-203-4543
Realty ONE Group Advocates 484-237-2055 - Downingtown, PA
Selling the Main Line & Chester County

Great post and an issue that both sides can get behind and work out a resolution that is good for all Americans.

Jan 15, 2026 07:25 AM
Matt Helganz

Thank you, Nick. Exactly—this is one of those issues where thoughtful reform could benefit homeowners and the broader market alike. It’s encouraging to see more people recognizing the opportunity for a balanced solution.

Jan 15, 2026 08:54 AM
Patricia Feager
Referral Specialist - DFW FINE PROPERTIES - Flower Mound, TX
Licensed to April 2027

Matt Helganz - this is a great topic for discussions. More people need to be aware of this current situation that has prospective sellers feeling like they are sitting on a house made in quicksand and ball and chains on their feet. I've been in my house for 27 years and when my kids inherit it after I'm gone, they will not be happy at all when they have to sell it. 

 

Congratulations on an excellent Feature for ActiveRain. 

Jan 15, 2026 07:47 AM
Matt Helganz

Thank you so much, Patricia. You’ve captured the situation perfectly—the “quicksand and ball and chains” feeling is exactly what many homeowners experience. It’s a tough reality for long-time owners and their families, and it’s why raising awareness and discussing potential solutions is so important. I really appreciate your thoughtful words and support!

Jan 15, 2026 08:54 AM
CANDACE (Candy) STEVENS, EA
Number Cruncher LLC - Overton, NV
Helping Taxpayers Resolve IRS problems

I agree that the government needs to change the limits.  I was looking the other day, out of curiosity, at how much my house was worth.  I discovered it was worth more than I had thought, and I would have to pay capital gains tax on $100,000.00.  

Jan 15, 2026 10:18 AM
Matt Helganz

Thank you for sharing that, Candy. That realization catches a lot of homeowners by surprise, especially those who’ve owned their homes for years. It really highlights how outdated limits can create unexpected tax exposure even for people who never saw themselves as affected. I appreciate you adding your perspective to the conversation.

Jan 16, 2026 08:35 AM
Fred Griffin Florida Real Estate
Fred Griffin Real Estate - Tallahassee, FL
Licensed Florida Real Estate Broker

  "The power to tax is the power to destroy".   Said by Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall in 1819.   

   The Capital Gains tax on primary residences is one of the most destructive taxes on the books.   Perhaps only outdone by the Federal Income Tax.

  A couple of commenters on this page suggested "NAR should do something".   NAR has proven itself to be completely useless (the Sitzer-Burnett Decision, among other failures).   NAR is a self-promoting racket, with its so-called "Executives" paying themselves athlete-level salaries.  If we want someone to lobby for repeal of the Capital Gains Tax, we need to look elsewhere.

    To legally avoid that punitive tax, people hire attorneys to set up trusts and other legal entities to hold their primary residence.  But that comes with its own costs and risks and inconveniences. 

   Will anything change?   Some one dozen octogenarians in Congress have announced their intention to run again in the upcoming election.  They will probably win their umpteenth re-election, and what has been will continue to be. 

    Until the Voters can sweep out the status quo, I posit that nothing is going to change.

 

  

Jan 15, 2026 10:32 AM
Matt Helganz

Fred, I appreciate you sharing such a detailed and candid perspective. There’s no question that capital gains on primary residences can have far-reaching and often unintended consequences for homeowners, and many people resort to complex planning just to manage the exposure. While opinions differ on who should lead reform efforts or how change ultimately happens, the common thread here is that the current framework is creating real friction in the housing market and real stress for homeowners. Conversations like this are important, even when viewpoints vary. Thank you for contributing thoughtfully to the discussion.

Jan 16, 2026 08:35 AM
Steven Beam

Spot on! 

Jan 22, 2026 07:29 AM
Andrew Mooers | 207.532.6573
MOOERS REALTY - Houlton, ME
Northern Maine Real Estate-Aroostook County Broker

"Especially in high-cost markets like California" Matt Helganz. Maybe time to cash it in rather than wait for tax code overhaul that puts an aging homeowner's life on hold for years.

Jan 16, 2026 04:05 AM
Matt Helganz

Thanks, Andrew. That’s a very real consideration for many homeowners—waiting indefinitely for policy change isn’t always practical, especially when life plans are involved. Everyone’s situation is different, and the right decision often comes down to balancing today’s realities with tomorrow’s uncertainties. I appreciate you adding that perspective to the conversation.

Jan 16, 2026 08:36 AM
Gwen Fowler SC Lakes & Mountains 864-710-4518
Gwen Fowler Real Estate, Inc - Walhalla, SC
Gwen Fowler Real Estate, Inc.

This is an important issue that more homeowners are starting to feel firsthand. When tax thresholds stay frozen while home values rise, it creates real hesitation to sell and directly impacts inventory. Any reform that better reflects today’s housing prices could unlock movement, especially for long-term owners and retirees.

Jan 16, 2026 05:45 AM
Matt Helganz

Well said, Gwen. That’s exactly the challenge—when thresholds stay static while home values rise, it creates hesitation and limits mobility. Any reform that better reflects today’s market realities could help long-term owners and retirees make moves without unnecessary friction. Thank you for adding such a thoughtful perspective.

Jan 16, 2026 08:36 AM
John Marshall - FORE!
LoKation Real Estate - Cherry Hills Village, CO
Specializing in Golf Course Properties

What a great post and eye-opening, it had not occurred to me that many elderly stay in a home that is paid off simply because the exorbitant taxes they would pay because of appreciation. This definitely needs to be addressed.

Jan 16, 2026 11:59 AM
Matt Helganz

Thank you, John. I’m glad the post helped shed light on that aspect of the issue. It’s something many homeowners don’t realize until they start thinking about a move, and it can have a real impact on life decisions later on. I appreciate you taking the time to share your thoughts.

Jan 19, 2026 04:47 PM
Janice Zaltman
Janice Zaltman - Boca Raton, FL
Energy Efficient And Eco-Friendly Homes in Florida

Thank you for this informative post.  That is why in many cases, it is best for the aging population, (which is all of us) to consider staying in our home and have home care vs. going into an aging facility that can wipe out your resources. 

Jan 17, 2026 09:57 AM
Matt Helganz

Thank you, Janice. That’s an important point, and one many families are weighing carefully. For a lot of people, staying in their home with the right support can feel like the most practical and comfortable option, especially when financial and tax considerations are part of the equation. I appreciate you adding that perspective to the conversation.

Jan 19, 2026 04:48 PM
Laura Cerrano
Feng Shui Manhattan Long Island - Locust Valley, NY
Certified Feng Shui Expert, Speaker & Researcher

There few things have caught up with the cost of the bank and inflation, and that’s the Central problem that most people have I think.

Jan 17, 2026 11:49 PM
Matt Helganz

Exactly, Laura. When policy doesn’t keep pace with inflation and rising costs, it creates real-world pressure for homeowners. That gap is at the heart of what so many people are feeling today. Thank you for sharing your insight.

Jan 19, 2026 04:48 PM
Steven Beam
RE/MAX Alliance - Parker Colorado Real Estate. - Parker, CO
Parker Colorado Real Estate

This could be one of the single largest wealth-unlocking moves in the history of the USA. Just in the past two years I've seen sellers have to move so they ended up with $80,000 IRS bills and one was over $100k. It would free up wealth and infuse the economy with more money.

 

It could also help families, maybe help family members with downpayments for their first homes... 

Jan 22, 2026 07:28 AM
Matt Helganz

Well said, Steven. Those real-world examples put the issue into sharp focus. Modernizing capital gains treatment on primary residences could unlock equity that’s currently trapped, helping families support the next generation, strengthen retirement plans, and circulate more capital back into the economy. I appreciate you sharing what you’re seeing firsthand.

Jan 26, 2026 11:00 AM
Steven Beam
RE/MAX Alliance - Parker Colorado Real Estate. - Parker, CO
Parker Colorado Real Estate

Matt, you should be posting this everywhere.

Jan 22, 2026 07:30 AM
Matt Helganz

Thanks, Steven! I really appreciate the encouragement. It’s an important conversation, and getting more people aware of the impact can make a big difference.

Jan 26, 2026 11:01 AM
Rain Silverhawk
Sandpoint Realty rain@lakeandhomes.com - Sandpoint, ID
208-610-0011 Sandpoint Idaho Real Estate Realtor

Thanks  Matt Helganz  for the great update on capital gains in real estate.  I had not thought of the stuck persective. 

Jan 24, 2026 10:52 PM
Matt Helganz

Thanks, Rain! I’m glad the post helped shed light on that “stuck” perspective—many homeowners don’t realize how much capital gains considerations influence their decisions. I appreciate you taking the time to share your thoughts!

Jan 26, 2026 11:01 AM
Matthew Klinowski, PA
Downing Frye Realty - Naples, FL
Naples Golf Guy | Find Your Dream Lifestyle

Great post! We have several residents who are trapped in their home because of the potential capital gains taxes they would face if they sold their primary residences.

Jan 25, 2026 04:21 AM
Matt Helganz

Thanks, Matthew! That’s exactly what so many homeowners are experiencing—feeling “trapped” even when they might want to move. It’s an issue that really affects mobility and life decisions, and I appreciate you highlighting it from your perspective.

Jan 26, 2026 11:01 AM
Alan Brown
Coldwell Banker Realty - Davenport, FL
35 Years of Real Estate Experience .

Changes to the Capital Gains Tax code is definitely needed. Hopefully something can be done this year

Feb 06, 2026 05:31 AM