Home Valuation
Code of Conduct
I. No employee, director, officer, or agent of the lender, or any other third party
acting as joint venture partner, independent contractor, appraisal management
company, or partner on behalf of the lender, shall influence or attempt to
influence the development, reporting, result, or review of an appraisal through
coercion, extortion, collusion, compensation, instruction, inducement,
intimidation, bribery, or in any other manner including but not limited to:
1) withholding or threatening to withhold timely payment for an appraisal
report;
2) withholding or threatening to withhold future business for an appraiser, or
demoting or terminating or threatening to demote or terminate an
appraiser 1 ;
3) expressly or impliedly promising future business, promotions, or increased
compensation for an appraiser;
4) conditioning the ordering of an appraisal report or the payment of an
appraisal fee or salary or bonus on the opinion, conclusion, or valuation to
be reached, or on a preliminary estimate requested from an appraiser;
5) requesting that an appraiser provide an estimated, predetermined, or
desired valuation in an appraisal report, or provide estimated values or
comparable sales at any time prior to the appraiser’s completion of an
appraisal report;
6) providing to an appraiser an anticipated, estimated, encouraged, or desired
value for a subject property or a proposed or target amount to be loaned to
the borrower, except that a copy of the sales contract for purchase
transactions may be provided;
7) providing to an appraiser, appraisal management company, or any entity
or person related to the appraiser or appraisal management company, stock
or other financial or non-financial benefits;
8) allowing the removal of an appraiser from a list of qualified appraisers
used by any entity, without prior written notice to such appraiser, which
notice shall include written evidence of the appraiser’s illegal conduct, a
violation of the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice
1
An “Appraiser” must be licensed or certified by the state in which the property to
be appraised is located.
(USPAP) or state licensing standards, substandard performance, or
otherwise improper or unprofessional behavior;
9) ordering, obtaining, using, or paying for a second or subsequent appraisal
or automated valuation model in connection with a mortgage financing
transaction unless there is a reasonable basis to believe that the initial
appraisal was flawed or tainted and such basis is clearly and appropriately
noted in the loan file, or unless such appraisal or automated valuation
model is done pursuant to a bona fide pre- or post-funding appraisal
review or quality control process; or
10) any other act or practice that impairs or attempts to impair an appraiser’s
independence, objectivity, or impartiality.
Nothing in this section shall be construed as prohibiting the lender (or any third
party acting on behalf of the lender) from requesting that an appraiser (i) provide
additional information or explanation about the basis for a valuation, or (ii)
correct objective factual errors in an appraisal report.
II. The lender shall ensure that the borrower is provided, free of charge, a copy of
any appraisal report concerning the borrower’s subject property immediately upon
completion, and in any event no less than three days prior to the closing of the
loan. The borrower may waive this three-day requirement. The lender may
require the borrower to reimburse the lender for the cost of the appraisal.
III. The lender or any third-party specifically authorized by the lender (including, but
not limited to, appraisal management companies and correspondent lenders) shall
be responsible for selecting, retaining, and providing for payment of all
compensation to the appraiser. The lender will not accept any appraisal report
completed by an appraiser selected, retained, or compensated in any manner by
any other third-party (including mortgage brokers and real estate agents).
IV. All members of the lender’s loan production staff, as well as any person (i) who is
compensated on a commission basis upon the successful completion of a loan or
(ii) who reports, ultimately, to any officer of the lender other than either the Chief
Compliance Officer, General Counsel, or any officer who is not independent of
the loan production staff and process, shall be forbidden from: (1) selecting,
retaining, recommending, or influencing the selection of any appraiser for a
particular appraisal assignment or for inclusion on a list or panel of appraisers
approved to perform appraisals for the lender; (2) any communications with an
appraiser, including ordering or managing an appraisal assignment; and (3)
working together in the same organizational unit, or being directly supervised by
the same manager, as any person who is involved in the selection, retention,
recommendation of, or communication with any appraiser. If absolute lines of
independence cannot be achieved as a result of the originator’s small size and
limited staff, the lender must be able to clearly demonstrate that it has prudent
safeguards to isolate its collateral evaluation process from influence or
interference from its loan production process.
V. Any employee of the lender (or if the lender retains an appraisal management
company, any employee of that company) tasked with selecting appraisers for an
approved panel or substantive appraisal review must be (1) appropriately trained
and qualified in the area of real estate and appraisals, and (2) in the case of an
employee of the lender, wholly independent of the loan production staff and
process.
VI. In underwriting a loan, the lender shall not utilize any appraisal report prepared by
an appraiser employed by:
(1) the lender;
(2) an affiliate of the lender;
(3) an entity that is owned, in whole or in part, by the lender;
(4) an entity that owns, in whole or in part, the lender
(5) a real estate “settlement services” provider, as that term is defined in the Real
Estate Settlement Procedures Act, 12 U.S.C.§ 2601 et seq.;
(6) an entity that is owned, in whole or in part, by a “settlement services”
provider.
The lender also shall not use any appraisal report obtained by or through an
appraisal management company that is owned by the lender or an affiliate of the
lender, provided that the foregoing prohibitions do not apply where the lender has
an ownership interest in the appraisal management company of 20% or less and
where (i) the lender has no involvement in the day-to-day business operations of
the appraisal management company, (ii) the appraisal management company is
operated independently, and (iii) the lender plays no role in the selection of
individual appraisers or any panel of approved appraisers used by the appraisal
management company.
Notwithstanding these prohibitions, the lender may use in-house staff appraisers
to (i) order appraisals, (ii) conduct appraisal reviews or other quality control,
whether pre-funding or post-funding, (iii) develop, deploy, or use internal
automated valuation models, or (iv) prepare appraisals in connection with
transactions other than mortgage origination transactions (e.g. loan workouts).
VII. The lender will establish a telephone hotline and an email address to receive any
complaints from appraisers, individuals, or any other entities concerning the
improper influencing or attempted improper influencing of appraisers or the
appraisal process, which hotline and email address shall be attended only by a
member of the office of the General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer or other
independent officer. In addition: (1) each appraiser now or hereafter on any list of
approved appraisers, or, upon retention by the lender, will be notified, in a
separate document, of the hotline and email address and their purpose; and (2)
each borrower, as part of a cover letter accompanying the provided appraisal, will
be notified of the hotline and email address and their purpose. Within 72 hours of
receiving any complaint, the lender will begin a preliminary investigation of the
complaint and upon completing the inquiry (or, after a period not to exceed 60
days, whichever shall come first) shall notify the Independent Valuation
Protection Institute and any relevant regulatory bodies of any indication of
improper conduct. The name and any identifying information of the person or
entity that has filed such a complaint shall be kept in strictest confidence by the
office of the General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer or other independent
officer, except as required by law. The lender shall not retaliate, in any manner or
method, against the person or entity which makes such a complaint.
VIII. The lender agrees that it shall quality control test, by use of retroactive or
additional appraisal reports or other appropriate method, of a randomly-selected
10 percent (or other bona fide statistically significant percentage) of the appraisals
or valuations which are used by the lender, including the results of automated
valuation models, broker’s price opinions or “desktop” evaluations. The lender
shall report the results of such quality control testing to the Independent Valuation
Protection Institute and any relevant regulatory bodies.
IX. Any lender who has a reasonable basis to believe an appraiser is violating
applicable laws, or is otherwise engaging in unethical conduct, shall promptly
refer the matter to the Independent Valuation Protection Institute and to the
applicable State appraiser certifying and licensing agency.
X. The lender shall certify, warrant and represent that the appraisal report was
obtained in a manner consistent with this Code of Conduct.
XI. Nothing in this Code shall be construed to establish new requirements or
obligations that (1) require a lender to obtain a property valuation, or to use any
particular method for property valuation (such as an appraisal or automated
valuation model) in connection with any mortgage loan or mortgage financing
transaction, or (2) affect the acceptable scope of work for an appraiser in
connection with a particular assignment.
Wow, quality control via AVMs and BPOs. That does not appear to be the correct yardstick! The appraiser should beware.
VIII. The lender agrees that it shall quality control test, by use of retroactive or
additional appraisal reports or other appropriate method, of a randomly-selected
10 percent (or other bona fide statistically significant percentage) of the appraisals
or valuations which are used by the lender, including the results of automated
valuation models, broker's price opinions or "desktop" evaluations. The lender
shall report the results of such quality control testing to the Independent Valuation
Protection Institute and any relevant regulatory bodies.
One realm appraisers need to embrace if they want any of the review action mandated out of this code - is some automated valuation technology. The reason lenders utilize BPOs - is their speed and low price as compared to an appraisal review.
If an "appraiser assisted" AVM could be competetive with fee and speed...why wouldn't a lender use a trained appraiser over a BPO product? In the eyes of the lender...the appraiser carries more liability for their opinions (licensing, USPAP, etc) - and therefore, would likely place more weight on an appraisal product over a traditional BPO or AVM.
This is an opportunity for the appraisal world if we can jump on it.
I agree with you any posts. A strong independence, competence is tested, the code of ethics is running, especially for the valuer or appraiser.
But that is very necessary is never deceive the hearts, minds and our speech, while for the benefits, so that we avoid a global crisis again. Remember regulations is very necessary, but certainly a lot of weaknesses and that It is used for professional use and service.
http://dofirstinvestment.blogspot.com/
Gary,
Thank you for reading and commenting on one of my posts this week. I came by to reciprocate. Looks like you've probably been very busy since it's been a while since you posted on your blog. Hope all is well in your area.
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