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GFCI's on old 2 wire circuits

By
Home Inspector with Home Status Inspection Company, LLC

Note:  some of the items I am posting were written last year, and I intend eventually to have all of my stuff in this blog.   It will take time.  I invite readers to come back frequently because there will be new material every day.

I was a bit surprised! The house had GFCI receptacles in ALL of its electrical outlets. This was an older house, 54 years, and most of the wiring was two wire cloth covered cable popular in the 30's and 40's often referred to in the trade as"rag wire".

The use of GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) receptacles on two wire circuits does provide protection against dangerous shorts and such things a child sticking a knife in the outlet. It's allowed by the NEC (National Electric Code) and while its not the same as having a third grounding wire...in one way it provides better protection. When there is a short on a three wire circuit the excess current continues to flow but is shunted to ground through the ground wire.

When a GFCI senses a difference in current in the hot and neutral lines, it stops current flow all together. That curious child with the knife is saved.

I've seen GFCI receptacles on two wires before but never on ALL the outlets. The set up in this house was redundant as can be....because only one GFCI is needed to provide protection for each electrical branch line. But think about it. In an old house where there is no map of the wiring grid, it would be expensive just have an electrician figure out which outlets should be GFCI'd. Also, when one trips, it would be confusing to find which outlet needs to be reset. So buy the contractors bulk pack of GFCI's and go about putting them in every outlet. It made sense to the seller (who did it himself), to me, and to my client.

This seller's two year old may never know what lengths his father went to add to his safety.

Many home inspectors are not fond of this approach because they cannot test the GFCI on two wires with the traditional testing equipment. Also, in some situations, depending on how the outlet is wired, the use of the regular electronic test equipment can cause a dangerous shock. In a future letter I'll talk more about testing of 2-wire GFCI's and about the draw backs of this set up for electronic equipment which requires a ground.

It's a good idea to have me inspect your client's old home, especially the wiring. You never know what you will find.

Sincerely,

Signature

Home Status Inspection Company

April 2006© Home Status Inspection Company, LLC.

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» Bill Burress Nationwide Mortgage Originator
» Bill Burress Nationwide Mortgage Originator - Fort Myers, FL
Good tip.  Keep up the postings.  These will educate and possibly save lives
Sep 10, 2007 01:01 AM
Sam White
College Station, TX
Integrated Marketing - Bryan College Station,
Very interesting. Thanks!
Sep 10, 2007 01:01 AM
Anthony Stokes-Pereira
Better Homes and Gardens Rand Realty - Nanuet, NY
Realtor

Hi Bill,

I love your post... very good information for Realtors and the public. keep posting. Good Luck!!!!!

Anthony

Sep 10, 2007 01:39 AM
Anonymous
Russ DonRussello

Bill~

Nice Post.  I'd like to add that, from an electrician's perspective, it may have been necessary in many instances to use individual GFCI outlets to replace the existing 2-prong outlets.  If the original wiring was done with what I call a "Spiderweb" design, and included a ceiling light outlet, it may have been likely that the branch circuit "hot" wire came into the ceiling light box, then went outwards to each individual outlet on the walls--typical of many houses wired from the 40's through the 70's.  This was a cheaper method requiring less drilling as power-drills were a rare and costly commodity and most holes were done with hand-powered drills.  

In this case, a less labor-intensive alternative would be to install a GFCI Circuit Breaker at the panel, if possible, to cover larger areas of the home.  Again this depends on the age of the panel, the Authority Having Jurisdiction, and how the circuits were run originally.  

~Russ DonRussello

 

 

 

 

Jun 09, 2011 06:42 AM
#4