Are You a Home Buyer and Unfamiliar with Septic Systems?
Sometimes when I show buyers property serviced by an on-site septic system, they are unfamiliar with what a septic system is and how it works. So, I thought I'd take a moment to provide a basic explanation of how a septic system functions.
WHAT IS A SEPTIC SYSTEM? 
A septic system is designed to condition untreated liquid household waste (sewage) so that it can be dispersed and percolated into the subsoil.
SEPTIC TANK FUNCTION
The septic tank is the first step in the process. Without it, the untreated sewage would quickly clog the leach field. As sewage enters the septic tank, its flow rate is reduced so that the larger solids called sludge sink and smaller solids called scum (grease, soap, etc) rise to the top. The solids are retained in the tank and the liquids are discharged to the leaching area.
The solids and the liquids in the tank are partially decomposed by bacteria. These bacteria are called anaerobic because they thrive in the absence of free oxygen. The decomposing solids, under these anaerobic conditions, is called "septic".
A properly maintained tank should be pumped often enough to maintain enough space between the sludge and scum levels. Otherwise, the sludge and scum will eventually fill the septic tank, flow out to the leach field and clog it.
Some towns have specific ordinances on how frequently you need to pump your septic system. If you're interested in a specific property that has an on-site septic system, you might want to speak with the Town Board of Health and check their guidelines.
In Massachusetts, a Title V Certification is required when transferring property. For more information on Title V Certification, CLICK HERE.
QUESTIONS TO ASK A HOMEOWNER
When purchasing a home, it is important to inquire about the septic system. Below are some suggested questions to ask the owner.
Do you have a copy of the approved plans? (If the home is older, there may not be a record.)
Does the number of bedrooms on the approval match the number of bedrooms in the house? (There isn't a problem if the number of actual bedrooms is lower than those stated on the approval.)
Where is the system located?
How old is the septic system?
When was the last time the system was pumped? (If the seller doesn't have this information, you may be able to obtain it at the Board of Health)
Do you have any maintenance records for the system?
Has the system ever failed or are there signs of soggy grass or odor?
Is the home serviced by a well or by town water?
If there is a well, where is it located?
Is the well dug or drilled?
Has the well water ever been tested? If so, what were the results?
Has the well ever been disinfected? If so, when?
I hope you found this information helpful. Integrity Residential Brokerage, licensed in both Massachusetts and New Hampshire, would be happy to assist you in your home buying or home selling needs. If you, or anyone you know, is considering buying or selling a property, Integrity Residential Brokerage located in Pepperell, MA, would love to hear from you! We strive to offer you the highest level of professional assistance possible making your desires and goals a reality.
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