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Preventing Sagging Roof Rafters

By
Home Inspector with Closer Look Property Inspections Inc. 16000004785

 Structure of the RoofMissing Collar Ties 

Some roofing systems have what is called collar ties installed on the roof rafters. Collar ties are important in the construction of the roofing system because they prevent the roof rafters from sagging inward. Rafters can sagg inward from the weight of the roof covering, especially with more the one layer of roof covering. The rafters can also sag from the weight of snow and ice. Needless to say sagging rafters is a major structural issue in a roofing system.

Collar ties are typically wood members, usually two by fours or two by sixes. They are installed horizontally half way up in attic spaces. The collar ties are connected to either end of opposing rafters and act as stiffeners to prevent the rafters from sagging in the middle. The picture above shows a collar tie installed in the attic at a recent home inspection.

The problem with the roof system above is there are not enough collar ties installed. There should be one collar tie for each pair of opposing rafters. That will give each rafter the support it needs to prevent inward sagging. Home inspectors also look for the location of the collar ties. Often we find they are installed too high up or to low down on the rafters. They should be nailed near the mid-point of the rafter span.

Collar ties are only effective on some roof slopes. Your home inspector will measure the slope of your roof to determine if collar ties are needed. Collar ties are simple to install, and very important for many roofing systems.

Closer Look Property Inspections Inc.  

For more on the value of a home inspection visit: www.closerlookpi.com

LLoyd Nichols
Premier Florida Realty of SWFL - Fort Myers, FL
Southwest Florida Homes By The Sea

Eric: this is a good read for homeowners, sellers or buyers. Here it does look like Collar ties should be installed. Interesting about where to put them. It does make sense that the center of the rafter would be the weakest point and therefore where one would install them..cool post.  

Nov 13, 2009 03:51 PM
Eric Middleton
Closer Look Property Inspections Inc. - Uniondale, NY
Professional Property Inspector

Hey LLoyd,

Thanks for your comment. Collar ties are a huge help in supporting the rafters but only on certain slope configurations such as four in twelve or greater. These are measurements used to determine the slope of the roof.

Nov 13, 2009 04:09 PM
Jay Markanich
Jay Markanich Real Estate Inspections, LLC - Bristow, VA
Home Inspector - servicing all Northern Virginia

They also keep the roof from spreading upward and outward!

Nov 14, 2009 03:26 AM
Eric Middleton
Closer Look Property Inspections Inc. - Uniondale, NY
Professional Property Inspector

Jay- that was my next post. lol

Nov 15, 2009 01:03 PM
Jay Markanich
Jay Markanich Real Estate Inspections, LLC - Bristow, VA
Home Inspector - servicing all Northern Virginia

Sorry, double duty, in more ways than one...

Nov 15, 2009 09:28 PM
Not a real person
San Diego, CA

The weight of snow and ice? What is snow and ice? Inquiring minds want to know! LOL.

Happy end of year!

Dec 15, 2009 05:54 AM
Eric Middleton
Closer Look Property Inspections Inc. - Uniondale, NY
Professional Property Inspector

Hey Russel,

The last few days has been cold and rainny, and I mean a lot of rain. I'll trade places with you!

Dec 15, 2009 12:58 PM
Anonymous
Andrew Balchin

If collar ties are installed half way up from floor to apex is there anything to say that they cannot be raised a little higher, say 18 inches, assuming the roof pitch is around 45 degrees. Also, would you then have to move the props inward accordingly?

All responses appreciated.

Feb 15, 2010 11:42 PM
#8
Eric Middleton
Closer Look Property Inspections Inc. - Uniondale, NY
Professional Property Inspector

Andrew -  roof slopes are determined by what's termed run & rise. If the collar ties are raised above or below the mid point, the rafters can sag in the middle. If the collar ties are more than 8 feet long, there should be rat-tail or some other sort of bracing attached to the mid point of the collar ties to prevent them from buckling in the middle.

Feb 16, 2010 09:28 AM