Occasionally a client will ask that question, and we can usually answer, "YES!" It does depend upon exactly what the client's plans and intentions are, but in general, the replacement property in a Section 1031 exchange can be newly constructed during the exchange or substantially improved during the exchange. Here are the details:
Let's assume that an exchanger has sold his relinquished property and plans to construct a new duplex on a lot that he intends to purchase through his 1031 exchange. A key thing to remember is that once the exchanger takes title to the replacement property, any funds remaining in the exchange account will be transferred to the exchanger and will be taxable! Therefore, the improvements must be structured within the exchange in some way. The process to do this is by using an Exchange Accommodation Titleholder ("EAT") to hold title to the land until the exchange is complete. There is some similarity, then, to a Reverse Exchange in that the exchanger cannot hold title to both the relinquished property and the replacement property at the same time and must use an EAT.
In practice, how does this work? Consider this typical sequence of events:
Exchanger and buyer agree on a purchase agreement for the sale of exchanger's relinquished property.
Exchanger enters into an exchange agreement with a Iowa Equity Exchange.
Exchanger assigns the purchase agreement to Iowa Equity Exchange.
Closing occurs on the relinquished property.
Exchanger informs us of his intention to construct a duplex as his replacement property.
Exchanger and seller agree on a purchase agreement for the purchase of the lot for the duplex.
Exchanger assigns the purchase agreement to the EAT, which is a single-purpose LLC formed by Iowa Equity Exchange for the express purpose of holding title to this property.
Closing occurs and title for the lot is transferred to the EAT.
The exchanger directs the construction of the duplex (or works with a contractor to do so). Funds for construction are drawn from the exchange account at the direction of the exchanger and are paid by the EAT.
Upon completion of the construction or completion of the exchange period (see below), title can be transferred from the EAT to the exchanger and the exchange is finished.
The process is identical if the exchanger wishes to purchase a property and add substantial improvements within his exchange.
The primary hurdle to the construction/improvement exchange is that of timing, which can be a concern in this type of exchange. Both the 45-day Identification Period and the 180-day Exchange Period still apply. The property to be purchased must be unambiguously identified during the 45-day ID period. This means that construction must either be completed during the 180-day exchange period, meaning the identification will be that of a fully-completed building OR the exchanger must be able to see into the future and accurately describe how far along the construction process will be by the end of the 180-day period. By using the 3-Property Rule for identification, it is possible to identify the property in three different stages of completion to somewhat circumvent this obstacle.
Construction/improvement exchanges carry a significantly higher fee than standard exchanges. This is due to the need to create and administer an LLC, plus the additional time requirements of handling payments to contractors during the construction phase. Contact us for details on fees.
Just as every other Section 1031 exchange has its unique qualities, so does every construction/improvement exchange. Construction and improvement exchanges are an extremely valuable tool that can allow the exchanger to end up with just the property that he or she desires. If you have general or specific questions about the process, please feel welcome to get in touch.
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Please consider IOWA EQUITY EXCHANGE as your trusted source for answers to your questions about Section 1031 like-kind tax-deferred exchanges. Contact us at your convenience for prompt, accurate information. Please think of us for your next exchange.
Ken Tharp
800-805-1031 toll free
Providing Qualified Intermediary services for Section 1031 tax deferred exchanges all over the United States. Headquartered in Iowa, our services are available in Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, and all other states.
Granted, a title of "Government 101" likely doesn't draw in many readers. I hope that the subtext indicating that the information isn't boring will encourage a few folks to take a look at this fantastic video.
Have you ever wondered about the origins of our republic? Why it is such an incredible structure? What it is that we will lose if we are not vigilant? I stumbled onto a blog yesterday by Jeff Williams of Four Legacies Mortgage in West Des Moines, Iowa. His blog is called The Money Clip. There's lots of great information there, but this video caught my attention. The video is called The American Form of Government. It's about ten and a half minutes long. Invest the time to be reminded of what you learned back in government class (if you as old as I am, that is; I'm not sure what they teach these days). You will not regret it!!
Please consider IOWA EQUITY EXCHANGE as your trusted source for answers to your questions about Section 1031 like-kind tax-deferred exchanges. Contact us at your convenience for prompt, accurate information. Please think of us for your next exchange.
Ken Tharp
800-805-1031 toll free
Providing Qualified Intermediary services for Section 1031 tax deferred exchanges all over the United States. Headquartered in Iowa, our services are available in Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, and all other states.
Short notice, but I wanted to announce the Spring Educational Seminar and Trade Show of the Iowa Landlord Association. It will take place on Thursday, April 30, at the downtown Holiday Inn. There will be a succession of speakers on relevant topics to landlords. During breaks, please stop in at the vendor trade show and be sure to stop at the Iowa Equity Exchange booth to say hello. We will be there with our display and information to help Iowa investors with their Section 1031 exchanges.
You can find out more about the Iowa Landlord Association at http://www.iowalandlord.org/public/home.asp, including contact information for the group to register for the seminar.
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Please consider IOWA EQUITY EXCHANGE as your trusted source for answers to your questions about Section 1031 like-kind tax-deferred exchanges. Contact us at your convenience for prompt, accurate information. Please think of us for your next exchange.
Ken Tharp
800-805-1031 toll free
Providing Qualified Intermediary services for Section 1031 tax deferred exchanges all over the United States. Headquartered in Iowa, our services are available in Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, and all other states.
Announcing the first annual convention of the Two Rivers Real Estate Investors Association, to be held on May 9, 2009, at the Des Moines Holiday Inn Airport Conference Center. Two nationally-recognized speakers will be making presentations to the group: Larry Goins, of South Carolina, and Pete Youngs, of Georgia. Larry's talk on wholesaling is titled "The Ultimate Buying/Selling Machine." Pete will present a detailed description of rehabbing for profits. Details and registration information is available at http://www.tworiversreia.org/Convention_Registration.html
This event promises to be a fantastic opportunity to network with fellow investors and hear a couple of the top national speakers on investing. I know I'm looking forward to it! Don't miss it if you are going to be in town or near town! There will be a vendor's trade show in conjunction with the event and Iowa Equity Exchange will be present as usual. We will be there with our display and information to help Iowa investors with their Section 1031 exchanges. Please stop by and say hello.
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Please consider IOWA EQUITY EXCHANGE as your trusted source for answers to your questions about Section 1031 like-kind tax-deferred exchanges. Contact us at your convenience for prompt, accurate information. Please think of us for your next exchange.
Ken Tharp
800-805-1031 toll free
Providing Qualified Intermediary services for Section 1031 tax deferred exchanges all over the United States. Headquartered in Iowa, our services are available in Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, and all other states.
One of the most common questions we receive is something along the lines of "What do I put in my Purchase Agreement if I want to do a Section 1031 exchange?" The answer can sometimes be, "Nothing," although we do suggest that you use what is known as a cooperation clause. By law, there is no requirement for the cooperation clause. What is required, however, is that the contract be assignable, or in most states, that there be no restriction on the contract's assignability. In other words, your purchase agreement should not have language that says "This contract may not be assigned to another party by the buyer or the seller."
The reason for this is simple - in an exchange, the exchanger must assign the purchase agreement to the intermediary for the exchange to proceed. If a prohibition to assigning is present and it is not stricken from the contract, an exchange is not possible. What if you have already signed a contract that is so-restricted? As long as both sides agree, an exchange is still possible by using an addendum where the parties agree to allow assignments.
A more common approach is for the seller to lay his cards on the table and disclose to the buyer that he intends to perform a Section 1031 exchange by including a cooperation clause in the purchase agreement. There is really no downside to doing so when selling. By doing so, the exchanger establishes his intent and elicits the cooperation of the buyer. There is no loss of negotiating power when acting as the seller.
On the contrary, when a client has already sold his relinquished property and entered into an exchange, there can be a loss of negotiating power when offering to buy a replacement property. Let's assume that the exchanger has already formally identified three properties that could serve as his replacement property. For whatever reason, two of them are no longer available. (Perhaps they were sold to another party, or the seller took them off of the market, or one had a fire, etc.) Now the exchanger has but one property he can purchase to complete his exchange. If the purchase agreement contains language requesting the seller's cooperation for an exchange and the seller is savvy about exchanges, that seller may justifiably believe that he has the upper hand in any negotiations. That is why we often suggest that the exchanger leave out the cooperation language until after negotiations have concluded, instead having them make sure that the agreement does not restrict assignments. Then after the fact we can have an addendum added to the agreement that contains the cooperation language.
Now, what is this "cooperation language" that I've referred to so many times? Here is our version for when you are selling:
“It is the intention of Seller to transfer the above-listed property pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Section 1031, which sets forth the requirements for tax-deferred real estate exchanges. Seller’s rights and obligations under this and future agreements will be assigned to Iowa Equity Exchange, qualified intermediary, for the purpose of completing an exchange. Buyer of the above-listed property agrees to cooperate with Seller and Iowa Equity Exchange in a manner necessary to enable Seller to complete said exchange. Such cooperation shall be at no additional cost or liability to Buyer.”
Feel free to copy and paste this into your purchase agreements and get in touch with us whenever you are considering an exchange!
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Please consider IOWA EQUITY EXCHANGE as your trusted source for answers to your questions about Section 1031 like-kind tax-deferred exchanges. Contact us at your convenience for prompt, accurate information. Please think of us for your next exchange.
Ken Tharp
800-805-1031 toll free
Providing Qualified Intermediary services for Section 1031 tax deferred exchanges all over the United States. Headquartered in Iowa, our services are available in Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, and all other states.
This will be a first... I'm going to give you an inside look at what it is we are trying to do here at Iowa Equity Exchange. First of all, props to Jeffrey Gitomer for a column on this topic that prompted me to devote detailed thought to these things. Let's start out with a definition.
When you think of someone who is "serious," does that conjure up the image of a staid, stoic individual, boring and stiff? In business, that's just not the case. The actions that are taken by a business build its image. If your business shows a desire to serve that is accompanied by the ability to serve, the public (your customers/clients) may perceive you as serious. Isn't that what you want, to be taken seriously by your customers and clients?
As a businessman, I certainly want my business to be taken seriously by its clients. Here's a list of some of the things I want our clients to know about us:
I want them to know that we are serious about helping them. Most of our clients have a lot of questions both before they enter into an exchange and during their exchange. We are available for them to talk to by calling our office number pretty much anytime during normal waking hours, seven days a week. On the chance that we do not answer their call in person, it's rare that the call does not get returned within an hour.
I want our clients to know that we are serious about knowing what we're doing. Handling Section 1031 exchanges is all we do. This is our full-time business, and we take the actions necessary to stay on top of changes that affect exchanges. We are one of a very small percentage of qualified intermediary companies that belong to the Federation of Exchange Accommodators, the national association for the exchange industry.
I want our clients to know that we are serious about being an online leader. We invest in our future by maintaining an online presence. regularly updating our website. We post blog articles periodically. We maintain and update our LinkedIn profile, including linking this blog to our profile and uploading presentations to our profile. You can follow us on twitter (@kentharp), and we're on facebook.
I want our clients to know that we are serious about being friendly and creating a pleasant atmosphere. Being friendly doesn't cost any more than not being friendly, and it sure makes life more pleasant.
I want our clients to know that we are serious that now is the time. Our heads are not in the sand; we recognize that times have changed. Regardless of conditions, though, we will strive to maximize the opportunities that exist now, not wait for things to change.
I want our clients to know that we are serious about striving for perfection in everything we do. We're not there yet and we may never get there, but we'll keep trying. Our clients also discover that we recover from any imperfections in extremely short order.
I want our clients to know that we are serious about doing the right thing. Our clients' best interests are always the inspiration for our actions. Sometimes this means telling our clients that an exchange may not be the best course of action for them, meaning we lose potential business. If it's best for the client, it will serve us best in the long run.
How does all of this relate to selling? It is my belief that a business cannot really attempt to sell its services until its clients are comfortable that the business is serous about itself. The only real way to show your clients that you are serious about your business is to serve them properly. After you provide quality service to your client and establish that you can be taken seriously, making the sale is almost a foregone conclusion.
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Please consider IOWA EQUITY EXCHANGE as your trusted source for answers to your questions about Section 1031 like-kind tax-deferred exchanges. Contact us at your convenience for prompt, accurate information. Please think of us for your next exchange.
Ken Tharp
800-805-1031 toll free
Providing Qualified Intermediary services for Section 1031 tax deferred exchanges all over the United States. Headquartered in Iowa, our services are available in Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, and all other states.
In a further confirmation that values have peaked at least for now, the REALTORS® Land Institute semi-annual survey shows a 7.6% drop in the price for farmland over the six months ending February 28 of this year. This survey is conducted every six months and consists of input from the state's farmland real estate community. The previous survey indicated an increase of 6.6%. The previous twelve months, therefore, show approximately a 1% drop in values.
No one is necessarily panicking about this drop or leveling off, however. According to Troy Louwagie, REALTOR® with Hertz Farm Management and also the spokesman for the Iowa Farm Land Chapter No. 2 REALTORS® Land Institute, the people behind the survey, "Land went up about 70 percent in the past five years. We probably were due for a correction." He also points out that prices are still at roughly the level they were a year ago, meaning that values remain strong.
Sam Kain of Farmers National Company projects the future values of land to remain relatively stable. He's not expecting a precipitous drop, but wouldn't be surprised by small decreases. Mr. Kain points out two factors that could help support land values: 1) investors with cash may look at land as one of the safest places to put that cash in the midst of the general market uncertainties we are facing, and 2) current farmers and land owners may believe that their equity is best used by staying put and not selling in the immediate future, meaning that available land may be somewhat more scarce than in previous years.
Here is a graphic of the breakdown statewide, courtesy of The Des Moines Register:
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Please consider IOWA EQUITY EXCHANGE as your trusted source for answers to your questions about Section 1031 like-kind tax-deferred exchanges. Contact us at your convenience for prompt, accurate information. Please think of us for your next exchange.
Ken Tharp
800-805-1031 toll free
Providing Qualified Intermediary services for Section 1031 tax deferred exchanges all over the United States. Headquartered in Iowa, our services are available in Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, and all other states.
In what could hardly be termed a surprise, the Des Moines Register reported on February 21, 2009 that farm land values in Iowa declined 6% during the final quarter of 2008 according to the Federal Reserve Board of Chicago. This is the first such drop in a decade. The primary contrbuting factor is the sharp decline in commodity values since the summer, in many cases as much as a 50% drop.
The 6% drop in Iowa was discovered during a survey of 209 banks in the upper Midwest, including not only Iowa, but Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin and Michigan as well. Iowa's decline was the sharpest of the five states surveyed.
Mike Duffy, the often-quoted economist at Iowa State University, pointed out that approximately 80% of farm sales in the past year or so have been to neighboring farmers. He said "Up to now, farmers have probably kept farmland prices up simply because when a good piece of land they've had their eyes on for a long time comes up for sale, they'll bid for it even if the price is high. They may start backing off and maybe we'll see some more outside investors come in, particularly since farmland did better than just about anything else as an investment last year."
Randy Hertz of Hertz Real Estate Services, offered this on farm land values: "What has happened is that we're probably about even with a year ago in farm values," indicating that the decline comes after an increase during the previous nine months, leaving values about flat during 2008. "We had a big boost in midyear when commodity prices shot up and then we've probably seen about a 10 percent decrease since then," Hertz said.
Mr. Hertz also noted that there are still some farmland that commands high prices. Specifically, Hertz cited two parcels near Prairie City that sold in the previous week for $7,050 and $6,850 per acre for top-quality land.
Most longtime observers of Iowa agriculture doubt that what is to come will be anything like the farm crisis of the 1980s, when land prices dropped over 60% over a seven-year period. Most believe that the high leverage many farmers used back in those times was the cause of many of the problems, and for the most part that leverage does not exist today. Hertz said. "Today they're in a much better cash position compared to 25 years ago. They have more equity in the land, and their loans are less likely to go upside-down on them."
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Please consider IOWA EQUITY EXCHANGE as your trusted source for answers to your questions about Section 1031 like-kind tax-deferred exchanges. Contact us at your convenience for prompt, accurate information. Please think of us for your next exchange.
Ken Tharp
800-805-1031 toll free
Providing Qualified Intermediary services for Section 1031 tax deferred exchanges all over the United States. Headquartered in Iowa, our services are available in Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, and all other states.
Does it confuse you when you hear that property in an exchange must be exchanged for "like-kind" property? In the talks that I give to real estate agents, investors, attorneys and accountants, I think I've hit on an easy way to determine whether or not the property being sold is like-kind to the property being purchased.
Before getting into the details, let's first establish that virtually all real estate is like-kind to virtually all other real estate. That makes it pretty simple, doesn't it? But there is one major qualifier. Property in an exchange must have been "held as an investment or used in the pursuit of a business or trade." Those words come directly out of Section 1031 of the code.
That qualifier is the basis for my easy way to determine whether or not properties are like-kind. Here's the "secret:" Regarding the property you intend to sell, ask yourself this question:
Did I hold this property as an investment or use it in the pursuit of my business or trade?
If you can honestly answer, "Yes" to that question, then the property will qualify for the exchange. However, that is only half of the battle; the property you intend to purchase must also qualify. In order to determine whether it does, ask yourself this question:
Do I intend to hold this property as an investment or use it in the pursuit of my business or trade?
Again, if you can honestly answer that question, "Yes," then it also qualifies and you have identified like-kind property for your exchange.
EXAMPLE:
So, what kind of real estate doesn't qualify as like-kind? The easy answer is "property that hasn't been held as an investment or used in the pursuit of a business or a trade." What that means in English is that if you purchased a property without the intent to hold is as a long-term investment, it does not qualify for an exchange. Property purchased to flip would be an example. Can one's intent change? Yes, but it is up to the exchanger to establish that intent has changed through such things as holding the property out for rent, actually renting it, etc.
In conclusion, if you just remember to ask yourself (or have your client ask himself) those two questions, you will know whether or not your properties are like-kind to one another.
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Please consider IOWA EQUITY EXCHANGE as your source for answers to your questions about Section 1031 like-kind tax-deferred exchanges. Contact us at your convenience for prompt, accurate information. Please think of us for your next exchange.
Ken Tharp
800-805-1031 toll free
Providing Qualified Intermediary services for Section 1031 tax deferred exchanges all over the United States. Headquartered in Iowa, our services are available in Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, and all other states.
learly, the overriding reason is the ability to defer payment of capital gain taxes, including the recapture of depreciation. With depreciation recapture at 25% (or more, depending upon the type of depreciation taken and the period over which that depreciation was taken) and federal capital gain tax at 15%, plus state capital gain taxes (depending upon the state, of course), taxes can easily account for 30% or more of the gain recognized. But there are other reasons that taxpayers exchange. Most exchanges have secondary reasons for exchanging in addition to tax deferral. Among those reasons are:
Consolidation. Example - taxpayer owns several properties, perhaps in different states, and wishes to consolidate his holdings into one property.
Diversification. Example - taxpayer owns one large property and wishes to diversify her holdings over a wider group of properties.
Relocation. Example - taxpayer has moved to new location and wishes to move his investment to the same location.
Reduction of management headaches. Example - taxpayer has owned high-maintenance property and wishes to reduce management responsibilities by exchanging into triple-net leased property.
Solution to partnership problems. With proper advance planning, property owned by a partnership can be sold and the partners can go their own ways, some choosing to exchange and others cashing out.
Increase cash flow. Example - taxpayer owns raw land that produces little or no income and wishes to exchange into income-producing property.
Estate planning reasons. Example - taxpayer owns one property but has three heirs who do not agree on how to dispose of the property after the death of the taxpayer. Taxpayer can exchange out of one property into three similar properties and each heir can decide how to handle his or her own property.
Re-leveraging of equity. As each year of ownership passes, one's equity in a property typically increases. Generally, the return on equity that the property produces decreases annually. Exchanging allows a taxpayer to re-leverage her equity.
The increase of equity by buying at a discount. If you believe, as the old real estate adage goes, "You make your money when you buy," should you not buy more often? A rhetorical question, to be sure, but if you are able to buy at a discount, tax-deferred exchanges can create wealth more quickly than any other technique.
Debt issues. Example - taxpayer owns a fleet of vehicles for his business. His old practice was to sell 25% of them each year and replace them with new vehicles. By taking the maximum deductions, his accountant advised him that he came out ahead by borrowing the money to purchase the new vehicles. In today's world, where borrowing is more difficult, the savvy business owner recognizes that by structuring this transaction within a 1031 exchange, he can reduce or eliminate his need to borrow money and likely end up ahead in both cash flow and tax benefits.
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Please consider IOWA EQUITY EXCHANGE as your source for answers to your questions about Section 1031 like-kind tax-deferred exchanges. Contact us at your convenience for prompt, accurate information. Please think of us for your next exchange.
Ken Tharp
800-805-1031 toll free
Providing Qualified Intermediary services for Section 1031 tax deferred exchanges all over the United States. Headquartered in Iowa, our services are available in Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, and all other states.
Disclaimer: ActiveRain Corp. does not necessarily endorse the real estate agents, loan officers and brokers listed on this site. These real estate profiles, blogs and blog entries are provided here as a courtesy to our visitors to help them make an informed decision when buying or selling a house. ActiveRain Corp. takes no responsibility for the content in these profiles, that are written by the members of this community.
transferred to the exchanger and will be taxable! Therefore, the improvements must be structured within the exchange in some way. The process to do this is by using an Exchange Accommodation Titleholder ("EAT") to hold title to the land until the exchange is complete. There is some similarity, then, to a 
es Mortgage in West Des Moines, Iowa. His blog is called 
be sure to stop at the 
can be a loss of negotiating power when offering to buy a replacement property. Let's assume that the exchanger has already formally identified three properties that could serve as his replacement property. For whatever reason, two of them are no longer available. (Perhaps they were sold to another party, or the seller took them off of the market, or one had a fire, etc.) Now the exchanger has but one property he can purchase to complete his exchange. If the purchase agreement contains language requesting the seller's cooperation for an exchange and the seller is savvy about exchanges, that seller may justifiably believe that he has the upper hand in any negotiations. That is why we often suggest that the exchanger leave out the cooperation language until after negotiations have concluded, instead having them make sure that the agreement does not restrict assignments. Then after the fact we can have an addendum added to the agreement that contains the cooperation language.
as happened is that we're probably about even with a year ago in farm values," indicating that the decline comes after an increase during the previous nine months, leaving values about flat during 2008. "We had a big boost in midyear when commodity prices shot up and then we've probably seen about a 10 percent decrease since then," Hertz said.
learly, the overriding reason is the ability to defer payment of capital gain taxes, including the recapture of depreciation. With depreciation recapture at 25% (or more, depending upon the type of depreciation taken and the period over which that depreciation was taken) and federal capital gain tax at 15%, plus state capital gain taxes (depending upon the state, of course), taxes can easily account for 30% or more of the gain recognized. But there are other reasons that taxpayers exchange. Most exchanges have secondary reasons for exchanging in addition to tax deferral. Among those reasons are:
consolidate his holdings into one property. 
;)
;)
